Table 4 Estimated average change per year over 4 years in % predicted bronchodilator response (Δ = % predicted post-bronchodilator minus % predicted pre-bronchodilator FEV1 or FVC) (±SE) in the placebo arm by GOLD grading for airflow obstruction (I&II, III, IV), age (≤50 yrs, >50 yrs), gender, and smoking status (sustained ex-smoker, intermittent smoker, continuing smoker)
Group | FEV1 | FVC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimated change in Δ (SE) per yr | p value | Estimated change in Δ (SE) per yr | p value | |
All | -0.33 (0.03) | <0.0001 | -0.53 (0.05) | <0.0001 |
GOLD Stage | ||||
I & II | -0.33 (0.04) | <0.0001 | -0.35 (0.07)1 | <0.0001 |
III | -0.35 (0.04) | <0.0001 | -0.68 (0.09) | <0.0001 |
IV | -0.41 (0.08) | <0.0001 | -1.05 (0.24) | <0.0001 |
Age, yrs | ||||
≤65 yrs | -0.33 (0.04) | <0.0001 | -0.39 (0.07)2 | <0.0001 |
>65 yrs | -0.32 (0.04) | <0.0001 | -0.69 (0.08) | <0.0001 |
Gender | ||||
Male | -0.30 (0.03)3 | <0.0001 | -0.51 (0.06) | <0.0001 |
Female | -0.43 (0.06) | <0.0001 | -0.61 (0.11) | <0.0001 |
Smoking status | ||||
Sustained ex-smoker | -0.37 (0.03)4 | <0.0001 | -0.65 (0.07)3 | <0.0001 |
Intermittent smoker | -0.31 (0.05) | <0.0001 | -0.46 (0.10) | <0.0001 |
Continuing smoker | -0.18 (0.08) | 0.0322 | -0.16 (0.15) | 0.29 |
Inhaled steroids (baseline) | ||||
No | -0.23 (0.04)5 | 0.0273 | -0.27 (0.09)6 | 0.0024 |
Yes | -0.39 (0.03) | <0.0001 | -0.70 ((0.07) | <0.0001 |