Supplementary Table 1 Mechanisms of direct or indirect lung injury associated with the development of ARDS
From: Surfactant alteration and replacement in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Direct lung injury | Indirect lung injury |
|---|---|
Most common causes | Most common causes |
   Infection of the lung (viral, bacterial, fungal) |    Sepsis |
   Aspiration of gastric contents (Mendelson's syndrome) |    Polytrauma with shock and multiple transfusions |
Less common causes | Less common causes |
   Near-drowning |    SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) |
   Lung contusion |    TRALI (transfusion-related acute lung injury) |
   Inhalation of toxic gases (NO2, ozone, smoke) |    DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) |
   Exposure to high partial pressure of oxygen |    Open heart surgery with prolonged extracorporeal circulation |
   Intoxication with pulmotropic agents | (e.g. cardiopulmonary bypass) |
(bleomycin, paraquat, amiodarone) |    Acute pancreatitis |
   High-altitude edema |    Severe burns |
   Rapid lung re-expansion (e.g. after puncture of pleura effusions) |    Fat emboli |
|  |    Drug intoxication (halothane, heroin) |
|  |    Head trauma with increased intracranial pressures |
|  |    Severe forms of malaria, sickle-cell disease |