Supplementary Table 2 Supplementary functions: alveolar fluid balance, host defence, coagulation-fibrinolysis, cytokines, growth factors, cell–cell interaction, extracellular matrix formation

Function/Product

Related to

Fluid and electrolyte balance

   Water channels

Aquaporin 1

Aquaporin 5

Hg-insensitive channel (MIWC)

Hg-sensitive channel (CHIP28)

   Ion channels

H⁺-channel

Na⁺-channel

Cl^--channel

   Ion pumps

H⁺-pump

pH of hypophase fluid

Cl^-/HCO₃-anion exchanger

In vitro

Na⁺/H⁺-ion exchanger

Na⁺/K⁺-atpase

Membrane potential

   Others

Protein clearance

Carbanhydrase II

Components of innate defence

   Surfactant components

SP-A

SP-D

Lysozyme

   Antigen presentation

MHC class II

Human (adult, foetal)

IFN-stimulation

HLA class I

IFN-stimulation

F_c-receptor

Cell line A549, not present in vivo

CD80, CD86

   Complement complex

C2, C3, C4, C5

   Antiproteases

α₁-antitrypsin

Elafin

Cell line A549

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)

MMP-inhibitors (TIMP)

   Oxidants

NAD(P)H-oxidase

Superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide

   Antioxidants

Glutathione

γ-glutamyl transferase

Plasmalogens

Protection of surfactant

Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD)

In vitro

Mn-, Cu-, Zi-SOD

In vitro

   Metabolism of Xenobiotics

Cytochrome P-450 mono-oxygenase

Coagulation/fibrinolysis

   Fibrinogen

   Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)

   UPA receptor

IL-1β stimulation

   Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PA-I)

   Tissue factor

In bleomycin-induced injury

Cytokines/receptors

   Cytokines

GM-CSF

In vitro

IL-1β

Upon interaction with particles

IL-4

Human, interstitial lung disease

IL-6

Upon interaction with particles

IL-8

IL-1, TNF-α stimulation

IL-11

In vitro

Interferon-γ

Human, interstitial lung disease

MCP-1

In vitro

RANTES

After TNF-α stimulation

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α

Hyperplastic type II cells

   Cytokine receptors

IL-2-receptor

In vitro

TNF-receptor

In vitro

Lymphotoxin-β-receptor

Hyperplastic type II cells

Growth factors/receptors

   Growth factors

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

In vitro

IGF-II

Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)

Idiopathic lung fibrosis

TGF-α

TGF-β

Hyperplastic type II cells

TGF-β₁

Hyperplastic type II cells

TGF-β₃

Normal type II cells

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

   Growth factor receptors

Basic fibroblast growth factor-receptor

EGF-receptor

Hepatocyte growth factor-receptor

KGF-receptor

During ontogenesis

IGF-receptor-1

Early postnatal phase

IGF-receptor-2

Components of cell–cell interaction

   Gap junction proteins

Connexin 43

Electric, ionic coupling

   Adhesion molecules

CD44s, CD44v

Ep-Cam

E-cadherin

ICAM-1

After TNF-α stimulation

VCAM-1

After TNF-α stimulation

   Integrins

α₆ β₁

In vitro

α₃ β₁

In vitro

   Paracrine-acting molecules

Endothelin-1

Human

Endothelin receptor A

Rat cell line L2

Prostaglandin E-2

Prostacyclin

Nitrogen oxide (NO)

In vitro

Constitutive NO synthase

Human cell line A859

Inducible NO synthase

In vitro, rat cell line L2

Components of extracellular matrix

Entactin

Basal membrane, in vitro

Laminin

Basal membrane, in vitro

Fibronectin

In vitro

Tenascin

Early organogenesis

Hyperplastic type II cells

Proteoglycans

In vitro

Collagen type IV