Table 3 Human studies investigating angiogenic and angiostatic parameters in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (2004–2005)
From: Angiogenesis in Interstitial Lung Diseases: a pathogenetic hallmark or a bystander?
Investigator (year) | Tissue samples Sample size | IIP | Studied Parameters | Summary | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ebina et al. 48 (2004) | Lung specimens/7 patients/3 controls | IPF | Vascular density CD34+, VWF, CXCL8, VEGF | Heterogeneous increase in CD34+ alveolar capillaries / Morphologically altered vessels | Small sample size / Potential bias vascular density |
Simler et al. 56 (2004) | Serum samples/49 patients | IPF-NSIP-DIP | VEGF, CXCL8, ET1 | Correlation of angiogenic cytokines with functional and radiological markers of disease severity | Heterogeneous group of IIPs / Patients not age and sex matched with controls / Lack of serial radiological data / Limited number of patients |
Strieter et al. 58 (2004) | BALF-serum samples/32 patients | IPF | CXCL11 | Upregulation of CXCL11 levels in IPF patients after treatment with IFN-γ | No correlation with parameters of disease progression p values were not adjusted for multiplicity |
Cosgrove et al. 50 (2004) | Lung specimens/15 patients/12 controls | IPF-COP | PEDF-VEGF | Elevated PEDF and decreased VEGF levels within the FF. Increased VEGF levels within MB | In vitro angiogenic assay is less robust than the in vivo one / Small sample size |
Nakayama et al. 55 (2005) | BALF samples/27 patients/12 controls | IPF-NSIP | CXCL5, 10 | Increased levels of CXCL5 and decreased levels of CXCL10 in patients with IPF compared to NSIP | Discrepancies between BALF and serological data / Limited number of patients |
Belperio et al. 52 (2005) | Lung specimens/BALF samples/68 patients/47 controls | BOS | CXCL1, 3, 5, 7, 8 CXCR2 | Increased levels of CXCR2/CXCR2 ligands in lung biopsy and BALF samples from patients with BOS | Lack of evaluation of the angiostatic CXCR3/CXCR3 ligands axis |
Pignatti et al. 57 (2005) | BALF and serum samples/47 patients/10 controls | IPF-other ILDs | CXCR3, CCR4 | Correlation of elevated CXCR3 levels with clinical parameters of disease severity in IPF patients | Lack of serial data in half of patients / No correlation with several parameters of disease severity / Discrepancies between serum and BALF levels |