Table 3 Prevalence of symptoms in participants with a gestational age ≤ 32 weeks with & without BPD and controls according to gender

Have you had wheezing

in your chest at any time in

the last twelve months?

females

7 (41.1)

58 (29.5)

145 (21.8)

0.06

0.025

0.3

males

9 (23.7)

25 (15.3)

122 (18.9)

0.18

0.28

0.2

Have you had this wheezing

when you did not have cold?

females

6 (35.3)

23 (11.7)

87 (13.1)

0.008

0.6

0.006

males

4 (10.8)

15 (9.2)

73 (11.3)

0.9

0.4

0.7

Are you troubled by shortness

of breath when Hurrying on level

ground or walking up a slight hill?

females

6 (42.9)

41 (20.8)

104 (16.3)

0.008

0.01

0.13

males

3 (12.0)

13 (10.2)

61 (9.9)

0.7

0.9

0.7

Do you get short of breath

walking with other people of

your own age on level ground?

females

0 (0)

12 (7.1)

11 (1.7)

0.6

<0.001

0.6

males

0 (0)

5 (3.9)

9 (1.5)

0.5

0.06

0.6

Do you have to stop

for breath when walking at your

own pace on level ground?

females

0 (0)

6 (3.6)

1 (0.2)

0.8

<0.001

1.0

males

0 (0)

6 (4.7)

4 (0.6)

0.7

<0.001

0.6

Have you ever had asthma?

females

4 (23.5)

23 (12)

31 (4.7)

<0.001

<0.001

0.2

males

3 (8.1)

13 (8.2)

28 (4.3)

0.28

0.05

1.0

Have you had an attack of

asthma in the last twelve months?

females

1 (6.25)

10 (17.2)

15 (2.3)

0.32

0.007

1.0

males

0 (0)

4 (2.5)

2 (0.3)

0.73

0.004

0.5

Do you have hay fever?

females

1 (5.9)

16 (8.1)

135 (20.4)

0.13

<0.001

0.7

males

1 (2.6)

20 (12)

109 (17)

0.02

0.1

0.1

Do you have eczema?

females

5 (29.4)

18 (9.1)

276 (41.7)

0.3

<0.001

0.01

males

3 (7.9)

13 (7.9)

196 (30.5)

0.002

<0.001

1.0