Respiratory Research

Table 2 Evaluation of association between GRPR broncial expression and demographic and risk factors stratified by lung cancer case status.

From: Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor expression in non-cancerous bronchial epithelia is associated with lung cancer: a case-control study

	Lung Cancer Cases						Controls
Characteristic	Total	GRPR Positive		GRPR Negative		P	Total	GRPR Positive		GRPR Negative		P
N	224	158	70.5%	66	29.5%		107	41	38.3%	66	61.7%
Age
Median (Range)	224	67 (42-84)		70 (41-85)		0.01*^†		52 (31-80)		52 (31-83)		0.44^†
Sex
Male	105	75	71.4%	30	28.6%	0.78^‡	60	20	33.3%	40	66.7%	0.23^‡
Female	119	83	69.7%	36	30.3%		47	21	44.7%	26	55.3%
Ethnicity
Caucasian	213	150	70.4%	63	29.6%	1.00^§	101	38	37.6%	63	62.4%	0.67^§
Non-Caucasian	10	7	70.0%	3	30.0%		6	3	50.0%	3	50.0%
Smoking Status
Never Smoker	19	17	89.5%	2	10.5%	0.03*^§	33	11	33.3%	22	66.7%	0.02*^§
Former Smoker	111	70	63.1%	41	36.9%		57	18	31.6%	39	68.4%
Active Smoker	87	65	74.7%	22	25.3%		14	10	71.4%	4	28.6%
Pulmonary Function
Normal	89	62	69.7%	27	30.3%	0.52^§	36	18	50.0%	18	50.0%	0.22^§
Mild Obstruction	14	9	64.3%	5	35.7%		5	2	40.0%	3	60.0%
Moderate Obstruction	52	37	71.2%	15	28.8%		16	5	31.3%	11	68.8%
Severe Obstruction	37	30	81.1%	7	18.9%		46	13	28.3%	33	71.7%
Pack-Years
Median (Range)	222	50 (0-150)		50 (0-120)		0.94^†		40 (0-110)		25 (0-156)		0.11^†
Disease Stage
CIS	1	1	100.0%	0	0.0%	0.49^§	-	-		-		-
1	98	69	70.4%	29	29.6%		-	-		-
2	38	24	63.2%	14	36.8%		-	-		-
3	49	39	79.6%	10	20.4%		-	-		-
4	16	11	68.8%	5	31.3%		-	-		-
Histology
Adenocarcinoma	112	74	66.1%	38	33.9%	0.50^§	-	-		-		-
Squamous cell carcinoma	60	47	78.3%	13	21.7%		-	-		-
Other NSCLC	27	19	70.4%	8	29.6%		-	-		-
Small cell lung cancer	10	8	80.0%	2	20.0%		-	-		-
Other/unknown	15	10	66.7%	5	33.3%		-	-		-

*Significant at P < 0.05
^† Wilcoxon rank sum test
^‡ Chi-square test
^§ Fisher's exact test

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