Table 1 Baseline characteristics grouped by GOLD stage
From: Inflammatory and repair serum biomarker pattern. Association to clinical outcomes in COPD
Parameter | All | GOLD I | GOLD II | GOLD III | GOLD IV | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 253 | 18 | 73 | 105 | 57 | Â |
Age (Y) | 65 (9) | 59 (13) | 66 (9) | 67 (8) | 63 (9) | 0.005 |
Females (%) | 36 | 56 | 38 | 35 | 30 | 0.25 |
Current Smoker (%) | 69 | 53 | 36 | 25 | 23 | 0.059 |
Smoking (p/y), median [IQR] | 60 [41–80] | 41 [35–60] | 60 [45–85] | 60 [42–80] | 66 [48–53] | 0.111 |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 27 (5) | 26 (6) | 29 (5) | 27 (5) | 25 (5) | 0.0002 |
Fat Free Mass Index | 19.6 (3.4) | NA | 19.4 (1.9) | 19.7 (3.6) | 19.5 (3.9) | Â |
Charlson Index | 0.5 (0.8) | 0.4 (0.9) | 0.6 (0.9) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.20 |
FEV 1 (L) | 1.19 (0.54) | 2.25 (0.53) | 1.54 (0.41) | 1.03 (0.26) | 0.65 (0.17) | <.0001 |
FEV 1 (%) | 46 (20) | 91 (10) | 61 (9) | 39 (6) | 23 (4) | <.0001 |
FEV 1 /FVC (%) | 46 (12) | 63 (6) | 54 (9) | 44 (10) | 35 (7) | <.0001 |
TLC (%) | 121 (23) | 120 (13) | 113 (20) | 120 (24) | 132 (25) | <.0001 |
FRC (%) | 156 (44) | 126 (23) | 132 (32) | 158 (37) | 194 (46) | <.0001 |
RV (%) | 212 (64) | 138 (14) | 173 (55) | 197 (56) | 260 (54) | <.0001 |
IC/TLC | 0.30 (0.1) | 0.44 (0.09) | 0.36 (0.07) | 0.28 (0.06) | 0.19 (0.06) | <.0001 |
SGRQ (total), median [IQR] | 44 [22–59] | 10 [3–19] | 29 [16–42] | 49 [34–59] | 60 [45–71] | <.0001 |
mMRC 2 and higher (%) | 52 | 11 | 22 | 65 | 83 | <.0001 |
PO2 (blood) | 70.6 (13.4) | 83.1 (10.9) | 71.5 (11) | 70.3 (13.6) | 65.6 (14.2) | <.0001 |
6 MWT (m) | 422 (118) | 530 (81) | 475 (99) | 425 (97) | 314 (105) | <.0001 |
BODE, median [IQR] | 3 [1–5] | 0 [0–1] | 1 [0–3] | 3 [2–4] | 6 [4–7] | <.0001 |
Exacerbation (%), preceding yr. | 60 | 25 | 59 | 64 | 64 | 0.025 |
Death during follow-up (%) | 35 | 0 | 17 | 41 | 60 | <.0001 |
Continuous systemic steroid use (%) | 8 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 16 | 0.012 |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 6.4 [2.8-14.4] | 4.0 [0.4-17.5] | 4.9 [0.4-15.3] | 5.8 [2.9-10.6] | 9.3 [5.9-21.0] | 0.01 |
IL-8 (pg/mL) | 9.9 [6.5-16.3] | 9.0 [6.1-16.9] | 9.1 [6.2-13.9] | 9.8 [6.6-14.7] | 11.2 [7.3-20.4] | 0.61 |
IL-16 (pg/mL) | 331 [239–547] | 314 [272–359] | 312 [209–430] | 347 [233–594] | 385 [294–635] | 0.052 |
TNF-alpha (pg/mL) | 18.1 [8.5-67.8] | 13.1 [7.4-19.3] | 11.7 [7.6-32.4] | 19.3 [9.5-92.2] | 26.5 [10.6-104.8] | 0.005 |
MMP-9 (pg/mL) | 5767 [3057–20700] | 18088 [9137–39533] | 10311 [3531–24100] | 4675 [2975–18200] | 4214 [2975–13533] | 0.003 |
VEGF (pg/mL) | 71.1 [31.7-165.4] | 100.5 [79.8-165.1] | 117.2 [34.8-238.2] | 52.0 [30.6-154.6] | 42.1 [27.4-83.5] | 0.001 |
PARC (pg/mL) | 52372 [34358–66350] | 54177 [35.640-62458] | 51358 [41459–64272] | 50036 [29334–67443] | 54232 [34358–77318] | 0.7204 |
MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 527 [410–711] | 567 [435–642] | 484 [380–586] | 547 [440–775] | 609 [377–762] | 0.0169 |