Combination of roflumilast with a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist inhibits proinflammatory and profibrotic mediator release from human lung fibroblasts

Table 1 TGFβ1-induced gene induction in NHLF (mean fold increase over non-stimulated)

CTGF	TNFAα	ET-1	VEGF	αSMA	TIMP1	TIM3	FN	COL1A1	COL1A2
19.4 ± 5.9	NI	13.6 ± 2.8	7.5 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 0.8	1.5 ± 0.05	3.3 ± 0.7	1.3 ± 0.3	1.9 ± 0.4	NI

RNA was made 6 h after TGFβ1 (10 ng/mL) treatment, and data represents the mean ± SEM of MFI normalized to housekeepers (PPIB, HPRT1), and fold induction calculated versus non-stimulated control (n = 2-3). NI = not induced. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), endothelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alpha smooth muscle action (αSMA), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP), fibronectin (FN), collagen 1α1, 1α2 (COL1A1, 1A2).

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