Figure 1

Formoterol inhibits basal and thrombin-, but not PDGF-induced DNA synthesis in human PAVSM cells. A: Cells serum-deprived for 48 h were treated for 18 h with 1 U/ml thrombin, 10 ng/ml PDGF, or diluent followed by DNA synthesis analysis using the BrdU incorporation assay. Data represent a percentage of BrdU-positive cells per total number of cells taken as 100%. Data are mean values ± SE from three independent experiments. A minimum of 200 cells per each condition were analyzed in each experiment. B-D: Cells serum-deprived for 48 h were treated with 0.2, 2, 20 μM (R,R)-, (S,S)-, racemic formoterol, or diluent in the presence of vehicle (B), 1 U/ml thrombin (C) or 10 ng/ml PDGF (D) followed by DNA synthesis analysis using the BrdU incorporation assay. Data are means ± SE from three separate experiments, n = 3 for each experimental condition. *p < 0.001 for formoterol vs. diluent and for thrombin + (R,R) formoterol vs. thrombin by ANOVA (Bonferroni-Dunn). A minimum of 200 cells per condition were analyzed in each experiment.