Table 1 Inducers and inhibitors of angiogenesis

Inflammatory mediators

Soluble mediators

IL-3, IL-4, Il-5, IL-8, IL-9, IL-13

IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ

TNFα

Ang-2

Prostaglandin E₁, E₂

TIMP-1, TIMP-2

Growth Factors

IL-4, IL-12, IL-18

VEGF

Troponin

FGF-1, FGF-2

VEGI

PDGF

TSP-1, TSP-2

PIGF

PF-4

IGF

Protein fragments

TGFα, TGFβ

Angiostatin

EGF

Endostatin

HGF

aaAT

HIF

Prolactin

PD-ECGF

Vasostatin

Enzymes

Tumor suppressor genes

COX-2

P53

Angiogenin

NF1, NF2

MMPs

RB1

Hormones

DCC

Estrogens

WT1

Gonadotropins

VHL

TSH

Proliferin

Oligosaccharides

Hyaluronan

Gangliosides

Cell adhesion molecules

VCAM-1

E-selectin

α_vβ₃

Hematopoietic factors

GM-CSF

Erythropoietin

Others

Nitric oxide

Ang-1