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  1. Conventional parenteral injection of vaccines is limited in its ability to induce locally-produced immune responses in the respiratory tract, and has logistical disadvantages in widespread vaccine administrati...

    Authors: Chad J Roy, Alida Ault, Satheesh K Sivasubramani, J Patrick Gorres, Chih-Jen Wei, Hanne Andersen, Jason Gall, Mario Roederer and Srinivas S Rao
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:153
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Neonatal mice developed neurological disease and pulmonary dysfunction after an infection with a mouse-adapted human Enterovirus 71 (EV71) strain MP4. However, the hallmark of severe human EV71 infection, pulm...

    Authors: Szu-Wei Huang, Yi-Ping Lee, Yu-Ting Hung, Chun-Hung Lin, Jih-Ing Chuang, Huan-Yao Lei, Ih-Jen Su and Chun-Keung Yu
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:147
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) remains a therapeutic challenge, and the search continues for more effective drugs and drug combinations. We recently reported that deletion of the vasoactive intestinal p...

    Authors: Sayyed A Hamidi, Richard Z Lin, Anthony M Szema, Sergey Lyubsky, Ya Ping Jiang and Sami I Said
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:141
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Dyspnea while performing the activities of daily living has been suggested to be a better measurement than peak dyspnea during exercise. Furthermore, the inspiratory capacity (IC) has been shown to be more clo...

    Authors: Koichi Nishimura, Maya Yasui, Takashi Nishimura and Toru Oga
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:135
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Smoking tobacco is a leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but although the majority of COPD cases can be directly related to smoking, only a quarter of smokers actually develop the di...

    Authors: Neal S Gould, Elysia Min, Steve Gauthier, Richard J Martin and Brian J Day
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:133
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Fluticasone furoate (FF) is a novel long-acting inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). This double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study evaluated the efficacy and safety of FF 200 mcg or 400 mcg once daily, eithe...

    Authors: Ashley Woodcock, Eric D Bateman, William W Busse, Jan Lötvall, Neil G Snowise, Richard Forth, Loretta Jacques, Brett Haumann and Eugene R Bleecker
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:132
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Cluster of differentiation 69 (CD69), an early activation marker antigen on T and B cells, is also expressed on activated macrophages and neutrophils, suggesting that CD69 may play a role in inflammatory disea...

    Authors: Keita Yamauchi, Yoshitoshi Kasuya, Fuminobu Kuroda, Kensuke Tanaka, Junichi Tsuyusaki, Shunsuke Ishizaki, Hirofumi Matsunaga, Chiaki Iwamura, Toshinori Nakayama and Koichiro Tatsumi
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:131
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. The rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is representative of the natural history of COPD. Sparse information exists regarding the associations between the magnitude of annualised loss o...

    Authors: Steven Kesten, Bartolome Celli, Marc Decramer, Dacheng Liu and Donald Tashkin
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:129
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease characterized by enhanced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) and suppressed apoptosis. This phenotype has been a...

    Authors: Audrey Courboulin, Véronique L Tremblay, Marjorie Barrier, Jolyane Meloche, Maria Helena Jacob, Mathilde Chapolard, Malik Bisserier, Roxane Paulin, Caroline Lambert, Steeve Provencher and Sébastien Bonnet
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:128
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. The coexistence of COPD and asthma is widely recognized but has not been well described. This study characterizes clinical features, spirometry, and chest CT scans of smoking subjects with both COPD and asthma.

    Authors: Megan Hardin, Edwin K Silverman, R Graham Barr, Nadia N Hansel, Joyce D Schroeder, Barry J Make, James D Crapo and Craig P Hersh
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:127
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis loss of alveolar epithelium induces inflammation of the pulmonary tissue followed by accumulation of pathogenic myofibroblasts leading eventually to respiratory failures. In an...

    Authors: Przemyslaw Blyszczuk, Davide Germano, Sokrates Stein, Holger Moch, Christian M Matter, Beatrice Beck-Schimmer, Thomas F Lüscher, Urs Eriksson and Gabriela Kania
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:126
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Proteomic studies of respiratory disorders have the potential to identify protein biomarkers for diagnosis and disease monitoring. Utilisation of sensitive quantitative proteomic methods creates opportunities ...

    Authors: Serena E O'Neil, Brigita Sitkauskiene, Agne Babusyte, Algirda Krisiukeniene, Kristina Stravinskaite-Bieksiene, Raimundas Sakalauskas, Carina Sihlbom, Linda Ekerljung, Elisabet Carlsohn and Jan Lötvall
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:124
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. A common characteristic of allergens is that they contain proteases that can activate protease-activated receptor (PAR-2); however the mechanism by which PAR-2 regulates allergic airway inflammation is unclear.

    Authors: Ian P Lewkowich, Scottie B Day, John R Ledford, Ping Zhou, Krista Dienger, Marsha Wills-Karp and Kristen Page
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:122
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. High frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) is used for airway mucus clearance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of HFCWO early in the treatment of adults hospitalized for acute asthma or ...

    Authors: Amit K Mahajan, Gregory B Diette, Umur Hatipoğlu, Andrew Bilderback, Alana Ridge, Vanessa Walker Harris, Vijay Dalapathi, Sameer Badlani, Stephanie Lewis, Jeff T Charbeneau, Edward T Naureckas and Jerry A Krishnan
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:120
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Excess mucus in the airways leads to obstruction in diseases such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. Mucins, the highly glycosolated protein components of mucus, are stored in membrane-bound g...

    Authors: Kimberly L Raiford, Joungjoa Park, Ko-Wei Lin, Shijing Fang, Anne L Crews and Kenneth B Adler
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:118
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) gene can lead to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). This study prospectively screened for BMPR2 mutations in a large cohort of PAH-pa...

    Authors: Nicole Pfarr, Justyna Szamalek-Hoegel, Christine Fischer, Katrin Hinderhofer, Christian Nagel, Nicola Ehlken, Henning Tiede, Horst Olschewski, Frank Reichenberger, Ardeschir HA Ghofrani, Werner Seeger and Ekkehard Grünig
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:99
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. A high incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been reported in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR...

    Authors: Shigeo Kawase, Noboru Hattori, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Yasushi Horimasu, Kazunori Fujitaka, Osamu Furonaka, Takeshi Isobe, Seigo Miyoshi, Hironobu Hamada, Takashi Yamane, Akihito Yokoyama and Nobuoki Kohno
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:97
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Asthmatics exhibit reduced airway dilation at maximal inspiration, likely due to structural differences in airway walls and/or functional differences in airway smooth muscle, factors that may also increase air...

    Authors: Nancy T Mendonça, Jennifer Kenyon, Adam S LaPrad, Sohera N Syeda, George T O'Connor and Kenneth R Lutchen
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:96
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Our phase III clinical trial of pirfenidone for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) revealed the efficacy in reducing the decline of vital capacity (VC) and increasing the progression-free surviv...

    Authors: Hiroyuki Taniguchi, Yasuhiro Kondoh, Masahito Ebina, Arata Azuma, Takashi Ogura, Yoshio Taguchi, Moritaka Suga, Hiroki Takahashi, Koichiro Nakata, Atsuhiko Sato, Yukihiko Sugiyama, Shoji Kudoh and Toshihiro Nukiwa
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:93
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) results from mutations in the SERPINA1 gene and classically presents with early-onset emphysema and liver disease. The most common mutation presenting with clinical eviden...

    Authors: Tomás P Carroll, Catherine A O'Connor, Olwen Floyd, Joseph McPartlin, Dermot P Kelleher, Geraldine O'Brien, Borislav D Dimitrov, Valerie B Morris, Clifford C Taggart and Noel G McElvaney
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:91
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. β2-adrenoceptor agonists elicit bronchodilator responses by binding to β2-adrenoceptors on airway smooth muscle (ASM). In vivo, the time between drug administration and clinically relevant bronchodilation varies ...

    Authors: Charlotte K Billington and Ian P Hall
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:89
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Airway remodelling is a feature of asthma including fragmentation of elastic fibres observed in the superficial elastin network of the airway wall. Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (FCFM) is a new and ...

    Authors: Ching Yong Yick, Jan H von der Thüsen, Elisabeth H Bel, Peter J Sterk and Peter W Kunst
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:85
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Both regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper IL-17-producing cells (Th17 cells) have been found to be involved in human malignancies, however, the possible implication of Tregs in regulating generation and dif...

    Authors: Zhi-Jian Ye, Qiong Zhou, Jian-Chu Zhang, Xiao Li, Cong Wu, Shou-Ming Qin, Jian-Bao Xin and Huan-Zhong Shi
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:77
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent chemo-attractant cytokine responsible for neutrophil infiltration in lungs with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The IL-8 protein and mRNA expression are increased in the l...

    Authors: Mi-Hyun Ahn, Byung-Lae Park, Shin-Hwa Lee, Sung-Woo Park, Jong-Sook Park, Do-Jin Kim, An-Soo Jang, Jai-Soung Park, Hwa-Kyun Shin, Soo-Taek Uh, Yang-Ki Kim, Young Whan Kim, Sung Koo Han, Ki-Suck Jung, Kye Young Lee, Sung Hwan Jeong…
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:73
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Endogenous airway acidification, as assessed by exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH, is present in patients with stable COPD. The aim of this study was to measure EBC pH levels in a large cohort of COPD patient...

    Authors: Andriana I Papaioannou, Stelios Loukides, Markos Minas, Konstantina Kontogianni, Petros Bakakos, Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis, Manos Alchanatis, Spyros Papiris and Konstantinos Kostikas
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:67
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Acute ozone exposure causes lung oxidative stress and inflammation leading to lung injury. At least one mechanism underlying the lung toxicity of ozone involves excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitr...

    Authors: Sébastien Hulo, Hélène Tiesset, Steve Lancel, Jean J Louis Edmé, Benoit Viollet, Annie Sobaszek and Rémi Nevière
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:64
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive, transforming growth factor-β-related cytokine, which has recently been reported to be elevated in serum of patients with idiopathic pulmonary a...

    Authors: Nils Nickel, Danny Jonigk, Tibor Kempf, Clemens L Bockmeyer, Lavinia Maegel, Johanna Rische, Florian Laenger, Ulrich Lehmann, Clemens Sauer, Mark Greer, Tobias Welte, Marius M Hoeper and Heiko A Golpon
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:62
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Mast cells (MCs) are implicated in inflammation and tissue remodeling. Accumulation of lung MCs is described in pulmonary hypertension (PH); however, whether MC degranulation and c-kit, a tyrosine kinase recep...

    Authors: Bhola K Dahal, Djuro Kosanovic, Christina Kaulen, Teodora Cornitescu, Rajkumar Savai, Julia Hoffmann, Irwin Reiss, Hossein A Ghofrani, Norbert Weissmann, Wolfgang M Kuebler, Werner Seeger, Friedrich Grimminger and Ralph T Schermuly
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:60
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. An imbalance in Matrix MetalloProteases (MMPs) and Tissue Inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) contributes to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) development. Longitudinal studies investigating Single Nucleotid...

    Authors: CC van Diemen, DS Postma, M Siedlinski, A Blokstra, HA Smit and HM Boezen
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:57
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Indacaterol is a once-daily long-acting inhaled β2-agonist indicated for maintenance treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The large inter-patient and inter-study variabili...

    Authors: Didier Renard, Michael Looby, Benjamin Kramer, David Lawrence, David Morris and Donald R Stanski
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:54
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Acute Lung Injury (ALI) have low concentrations of disaturated-phosphatidylcholine and surfactant protein-B in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. No info...

    Authors: Manuela Simonato, Aldo Baritussio, Carlo Ori, Luca Vedovelli, Sandra Rossi, Lorenza Dalla Massara, Sabina Rizzi, Virgilio P Carnielli and Paola E Cogo
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:36
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. KL-6 is a mucin-like glycoprotein expressed on the surface of alveolar type II cells. Elevated concentrations of KL-6 in serum and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) in patients with acute respiratory distress synd...

    Authors: Tomohiro Kondo, Noboru Hattori, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Hiroshi Murai, Yoshinori Haruta, Nobuyuki Hirohashi, Koichi Tanigawa and Nobuoki Kohno
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:32
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Inhaled short acting β2-agonists (SABA), e.g. albuterol, are used for quick reversal of bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. While SABA are not recommended for maintenance therapy, it is not uncommon to find pat...

    Authors: Lennart KA Lundblad, Lisa M Rinaldi, Matthew E Poynter, Erik P Riesenfeld, Min Wu, Steven Aimi, Leesa M Barone, Jason HT Bates and Charles G Irvin
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:27
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Hydrogen-rich saline has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and effectively protect against organ damage. Oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to the pathogenesis and/or de...

    Authors: Yun Wang, Lei Jing, Xiao-Min Zhao, Ji-Ju Han, Zuo-Li Xia, Shu-Cun Qin, Ya-Ping Wu and Xue-Jun Sun
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:26
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Th2 cell activation and T regulatory cell (Treg) deficiency are key features of allergy. This applies for asthma and rhinitis. However with a same atopic background, some patients will develop rhinitis and ast...

    Authors: Karine Botturi, Yannick Lacoeuille, Arnaud Cavaillès, Daniel Vervloet and Antoine Magnan
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. β-thymosins play roles in cytoskeleton rearrangement, angiogenesis, fibrosis and reparative process, thus suggesting a possible involvement in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. The aim of the study was t...

    Authors: Maria De Santis, Rosanna Inzitari, Silvia L Bosello, Giusy Peluso, Chiara Fanali, Federica Iavarone, Gaetano Zizzo, Mario Bocci, Tiziana Cabras, Irene Messana, Leo Fuso, Francesco Varone, Gabriella Pagliari, Massimo Castagnola and Gianfranco Ferraccioli
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Arginase overexpression contributes to airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma. Arginase expression is further augmented in cigarette smoking asthmatics, suggesting that it may be upregulated by environmen...

    Authors: Michelle L North, Hajera Amatullah, Nivedita Khanna, Bruce Urch, Hartmut Grasemann, Frances Silverman and Jeremy A Scott
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:19
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Chronic alveolar hypoxia, due to residence at high altitude or chronic obstructive lung diseases, leads to pulmonary hypertension, which may be further complicated by right heart failure, increasing morbidity ...

    Authors: Michelle Sands, Katherine Howell, Christine M Costello and Paul McLoughlin
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) are well known for their role in the innate immune system. More recently, it was proposed that they could play a role in the antigen presentation to T lymphocytes but ...

    Authors: Véronique Corbière, Violette Dirix, Sarah Norrenberg, Mattéo Cappello, Myriam Remmelink and Françoise Mascart
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Remodeling of lung tissues during the process of granuloma formation requires significant restructuring of the extra-cellular matrix and cathepsins K, L and S are among the strongest extra-cellular matrix degr...

    Authors: Andriy O Samokhin, Jacques Yves Gauthier, M David Percival and Dieter Brömme
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Eosinophilic airway inflammation has successfully been used to tailor anti-inflammatory therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) by indirect challenges is assoc...

    Authors: Selma B de Nijs, Niki Fens, Rene Lutter, Erica Dijkers, Frans H Krouwels, Barbara S Smids-Dierdorp, Reindert P van Steenwijk and Peter J Sterk
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:11
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. A newly identified mechanism of smooth muscle relaxation is the interaction between the small heat shock protein 20 (HSP20) and 14-3-3 proteins. Focusing upon this class of interactions, we describe here a nov...

    Authors: Steven S An, Peter S Askovich, Thomas I Zarembinski, Kwangmi Ahn, John M Peltier, Moritz von Rechenberg, Sudhir Sahasrabudhe and Jeffrey J Fredberg
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Debate continues as to whether acute bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) predicts long-term outcomes in COPD. Furthermore, there is no consensus on a threshold for BDR.

    Authors: Nicola A Hanania, Amir Sharafkhaneh, Bartolome Celli, Marc Decramer, Ted Lystig, Steven Kesten and Donald Tashkin
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Passive smoke exposure increases the risk of lower respiratory infection (LRI) in infants, but the extensive literature on this association has not been systematically reviewed for nearly ten years. The aim of...

    Authors: Laura L Jones, Ahmed Hashim, Tricia McKeever, Derek G Cook, John Britton and Jo Leonardi-Bee
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. ABCA3 transporter (ATP-binding cassette transporter of the A subfamily) is localized to the limiting membrane of lamellar bodies, organelles for assembly and storage of pulmonary surfactant in alveolar epithelial...

    Authors: Nina Weichert, Eva Kaltenborn, Andreas Hector, Markus Woischnik, Andrea Schams, Andreas Holzinger, Sunčana Kern and Matthias Griese
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Asthma leads to structural changes in the airways, including the modification of extracellular matrix proteins such as tenascin-C. The role of tenascin-C is unclear, but it might act as an early initiator of a...

    Authors: Anna Meuronen, Piia Karisola, Marina Leino, Terhi Savinko, Kristiina Sirola, Marja-Leena Majuri, Päivi Piirilä, Ismo Virtanen, Mika Mäkelä, Annika Laitinen, Lauri A Laitinen and Harri Alenius
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2011 12:2
    Content type: Research Published on:
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