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  1. Eosinophils are critically involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in high amounts in asthmatic lungs and has an important role as a regulator of lung inflammation. NO was previou...

    Authors: Pinja Ilmarinen-Salo, Eeva Moilanen, Vuokko L Kinnula and Hannu Kankaanranta
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:73
  2. Non-invasive phenotyping of chronic respiratory diseases would be highly beneficial in the personalised medicine of the future. Volatile organic compounds can be measured in the exhaled breath and may be produ...

    Authors: Maria Basanta, Baharudin Ibrahim, Rachel Dockry, David Douce, Mike Morris, Dave Singh, Ashley Woodcock and Stephen J Fowler
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:72
  3. The relationship between serum biomarkers and clinical expressions of COPD is limited. We planned to further describe this association using markers of inflammation and injury and repair.

    Authors: Victor Pinto-Plata, Ciro Casanova, Hana Müllerova, Juan P de Torres, Henneth Corado, Nerea Varo, Elizabeth Cordoba, Salah Zeineldine, Hildegarde Paz, Rebeca Baz, Miguel Divo, Felipe Cortopassi and Bartolome R Celli
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:71
  4. The impact of interventions on the progressive course of COPD is currently assessed by the slope of the annual decline in FEV1 determined from serial measurements of the post-, in preference to the pre-, bronchod...

    Authors: Donald P Tashkin, He-Jing Wang, David Halpin, Eric C Kleerup, John Connett, Ning Li and Robert Elashoff
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:70
  5. Hyperoxia is shown to impair airway relaxation via limiting L-arginine bioavailability to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and reducing NO production as a consequence. L-arginine can also be synthesized by L-citrul...

    Authors: Ramadan B Sopi, Syed IA Zaidi, Mitko Mladenov, Hazbije Sahiti, Zahide Istrefi, Icko Gjorgoski, Azem Lajçi and Muharrem Jakupaj
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:68
  6. The changes in inspiratory capacity (IC) over time in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are unknown. The Understanding Potential Long-term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium (UPLIFT®) tria...

    Authors: Bartolome R Celli, Marc Decramer, Theodore Lystig, Steven Kesten and Donald P Tashkin
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:66
  7. The popular methods for evaluating the initial therapeutic effect (ITE) of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) can only roughly reflect the therapeutic outcome of a patient’s ventilation because t...

    Authors: Dai Bing, Kang Jian, Sun Long-feng, Tan Wei and Zhao Hong-wen
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:65
  8. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an adult-onset Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia (IIP) usually diagnosed between age 50 to 70 years. Individuals with Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis (FPF) have at least one ...

    Authors: Bridget A Fernandez, George Fox, Rick Bhatia, Eric Sala, Barbara Noble, Nash Denic, Dzintra Fernandez, Nigel Duguid, Amanda Dohey, Fady Kamel, Laura Edwards, Krista Mahoney, Susan Stuckless, Patrick S Parfrey and Michael O Woods
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:64
  9. 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) is one of the oxysterols, which are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol, and has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. In lu...

    Authors: Akira Koarai, Satoru Yanagisawa, Hisatoshi Sugiura, Tomohiro Ichikawa, Takashi Kikuchi, Kanako Furukawa, Keiichiro Akamatsu, Tsunahiko Hirano, Masanori Nakanishi, Kazuto Matsunaga, Yoshiaki Minakata and Masakazu Ichinose
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:63
  10. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating interstitial pneumonia causing a loss of respiratory surface area due to a proliferative fibrotic response involving hyperplastic, hypertrophic, and metapla...

    Authors: Travis Meuten, Ariel Hickey, Katherine Franklin, Brian Grossi, Jeremy Tobias, Donna R Newman, Samuel H Jennings, Maria Correa and Philip L Sannes
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:62
  11. The pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation in asthmatic patients is complex and characterized by cellular infiltrates and activity of many cytokines and chemokines. Both the transcription factor hypoxia ...

    Authors: Guillermina J Baay-Guzman, Ilona G Bebenek, Michelle Zeidler, Rogelio Hernandez-Pando, Mario I Vega, Eduardo A Garcia-Zepeda, Gabriela Antonio-Andres, Benjamin Bonavida, Marc Riedl, Eric Kleerup, Donald P Tashkin, Oliver Hankinson and Sara Huerta-Yepez
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:60
  12. Divergent strategies have emerged for the management of severe asthma. One strategy utilises high and fixed doses of maintenance treatment, usually inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist (ICS/LABA), supple...

    Authors: Roland Buhl, Piotr Kuna, Matthew J Peters, Tomas LG Andersson, Ian P Naya, Stefan Peterson and Klaus F Rabe
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:59
  13. Oxygen may damage the lung directly via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or indirectly via the recruitment of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils. Overexpression of extracellular superoxide d...

    Authors: Jae H Min, Champa N Codipilly, Sonya Nasim, Edmund J Miller and Mohamed N Ahmed
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:58
  14. Recent studies have showed that FEV1/FVC describing correspondence between the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) depends significantly on age. However, the nature of...

    Authors: Tomasz Gólczewski, Wojciech Lubiński and Andrzej Chciałowski
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:57
  15. Long-term lung allograft survival is limited by bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Mannose binding lectin (MBL) belongs to the innate immune system, participates in complement activation, and may predisp...

    Authors: Steven J Budd, Robert M Aris, Ayorinde A Medaiyese, Stephen L Tilley and Isabel P Neuringer
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:56
  16. The mechanisms underlying the association between smoking and mucus overproduction remain unknown. Because of its involvement in other airway diseases, such as asthma, we hypothesized that Ca2+-activated Cl- chan...

    Authors: Hiroki Iwashita, Keisaku Fujimoto, Shigeru Morita, Atsushi Nakanishi and Keishi Kubo
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:55
  17. Asthma guidelines suggest that therapy can be reduced once asthma is controlled. Despite these recommendations, asthmatic patients are seldom stepped down in clinical practice, and questions remain about when ...

    Authors: Alberto Papi, Gabriele Nicolini, Nunzio Crimi, Leonardo Fabbri, Dario Olivieri, Andrea Rossi and Pierluigi Paggiaro
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:54
  18. Interactions between Th1 and Th2 immune responses are of importance to the onset and development of allergic disorders. A Toll-like receptor 7 agonist such as AZD8848 may have potential as a treatment for alle...

    Authors: Lennart Greiff, Anders Cervin, Cecilia Ahlström-Emanuelsson, Gun Almqvist, Morgan Andersson, Jan Dolata, Leif Eriksson, Edward Högestätt, Anders Källén, Per Norlén, Inga-Lisa Sjölin and Henrik Widegren
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:53
  19. Randomised, double-blind, controlled trials are considered the gold standard for evaluating a pharmacological agent, as they minimise any potential bias. However, it is not always possible to perform double-bl...

    Authors: Kai-Michael Beeh, Jutta Beier and James F Donohue
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:52
  20. Resistin-like molecule alpha or found in inflammatory zone protein (Fizz1) is increased in pulmonary epithelial cells and also in limited amounts by other lung cells during various lung injuries and fibrosis. ...

    Authors: Satish K Madala, Ramakrishna Edukulla, Katy R Davis, Stephanie Schmidt, Cynthia Davidson, Joseph A Kitzmiller, William D Hardie and Thomas R Korfhagen
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:51
  21. Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) is a validated tool to measure asthma control. Cut-off points that best discriminate “well-controlled” or “not well-controlled” asthma have been suggested from the analysis o...

    Authors: José María Olaguibel, Santiago Quirce, Berta Juliá, Cristina Fernández, Ana María Fortuna, Jesús Molina and Vicente Plaza
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:50
  22. Haemophilus influenzae infection of the nasal epithelium has long been associated with observations of decreased nasal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and injury to the ciliated epithelium. Previously, we have repor...

    Authors: Kristina L Bailey, Tricia D LeVan, Daniel A Yanov, Jaqueline A Pavlik, Jane M DeVasure, Joseph H Sisson and Todd A Wyatt
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:49
  23. Systemic inflammation may contribute to cachexia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this longitudinal study we assessed the association between circulating C-reactive protein (CR...

    Authors: Tomas ML Eagan, Esteban C Gabazza, Corina D’Alessandro-Gabazza, Paloma Gil-Bernabe, Shinya Aoki, Jon A Hardie, Per S Bakke and Peter D Wagner
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:48
  24. Bleomycin (BLM) induces life-threatening pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis in 20% of patients, limiting its use as a chemotherapeutic agent. Oligonucleotides expressing immunostimulatory CpG motifs (CpG ODN) ...

    Authors: Takeshi Kinjo, Koji Tomaru, Diana C Haines and Dennis M Klinman
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:47
  25. Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) patients exhibit an acquired deficiency of biologically active granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) attributable to GM-CSF specific autoantibodies. PAP...

    Authors: Anagha Malur, Mani S Kavuru, Irene Marshall, Barbara P Barna, Isham Huizar, Reema Karnekar and Mary Jane Thomassen
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:46
  26. Martorell hypertensive ischemic leg ulcer (Martorell ulcer) is characterized by distinct alterations in the arteriolar wall of subcutaneous vessels, leading to progressive narrowing of the vascular lumen and i...

    Authors: Leonardo Glutz von Blotzheim, Felix C Tanner, Georg Noll, Matthias Brock, Manuel Fischler, Jürg Hafner, Rudolf Speich, Silvia Ulrich and Lars C Huber
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:45
  27. Frequent exacerbations induce a high burden to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We investigated the course of exacerbations in the published COSMIC study that investigated the effects of 1-year wi...

    Authors: Maarten van den Berge, Wim CJ Hop, Thys van der Molen, Jan A van Noord, Jacques PHM Creemers, Ad JM Schreurs, Emiel FM Wouters and Dirkje S Postma
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:44
  28. Influenza A virus (IAV) infection primarily targets respiratory epithelial cells and produces clinical outcomes ranging from mild upper respiratory infection to severe pneumonia. Recent studies have shown the ...

    Authors: Beata Kosmider, Elise M Messier, William J Janssen, Piruz Nahreini, Jieru Wang, Kevan L Hartshorn and Robert J Mason
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:43
  29. Maternal smoking is a risk factor for pediatric lung disease, including asthma. Animal models suggest that maternal smoking causes defective alveolarization in the offspring. Retinoic acid signaling modulates ...

    Authors: Sara E Manoli, Lacey A Smith, Carrie A Vyhlidal, Chang Hyeok An, Yolanda Porrata, Wellington V Cardoso, Rebecca M Baron and Kathleen J Haley
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:42
  30. There are limited data describing patients with moderate COPD exacerbations and evaluating comparative effectiveness of maintenance treatments in this patient population. The study examined COPD patients with ...

    Authors: Anand A Dalal, Manan B Shah, Anna O D’Souza, Orsolya E Lunacsek, Saurabh P Nagar and Glenn D Crater
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:41
  31. Recent trials demonstrate increased pneumonia risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients treated with the inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) fluticasone propionate (FP). There is limited work describing ...

    Authors: Craig M Patterson, Richard L Morrison, Alain D’Souza, Xu S Teng and Kyle I Happel
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:40
  32. Asthma causes significant morbidity worldwide in adults and children alike, and incurs large healthcare costs. The statin drugs, which treat hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases, have pleiotropic effects...

    Authors: Amir A Zeki, Phil Thai, Nicholas J Kenyon and Reen Wu
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:38
  33. Evidence suggests that variation in the length of the poly-C repeat in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the β2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) may contribute to interindividual variation in β-agonist respon...

    Authors: Helen J Ambrose, Rachael M Lawrance, Carl J Cresswell, Mitchell Goldman, Deborah A Meyers and Eugene R Bleecker
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:37
  34. Prolonged exposure to hyperoxia in neonates can cause hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI), which is characterized by increased pulmonary permeability and diffuse infiltration of various inflammatory cells. Disr...

    Authors: Kai You, Xuewen Xu, Jianhua Fu, Shuyan Xu, Xiaohong Yue, Zhiling Yu and Xindong Xue
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:36
  35. Patients with chronic asthma have thicker intrapulmonary airways measured on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). We determined whether the presence of lower airway bacteria was associated with increase...

    Authors: Qingling Zhang, Rowland Illing, Christopher K Hui, Kate Downey, Denis Carr, Martin Stearn, Khalid Alshafi, Andrew Menzies-Gow, Nanshan Zhong and Kian Fan Chung
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:35
  36. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disease occurring almost exclusively in women. Diagnosis often requires surgical biopsy and the clinical course varies between patients with no predictors of progression. We ...

    Authors: William YC Chang, Jennifer L Cane, John D Blakey, Maruti Kumaran, Kate S Pointon and Simon R Johnson
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:34
  37. Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease characterized by a seemingly exaggerated immune response against a difficult to discern antigen. Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal antigen presenting cells thought to pla...

    Authors: Bregje Ten Berge, Alex KleinJan, Femke Muskens, Hamida Hammad, Henk C Hoogsteden, Rudi W Hendriks, Bart N Lambrecht and Bernt Van den Blink
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:33
  38. Recent studies have confirmed the presence of viable Chlamydia in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of pediatric patients with airway hyperresponsiveness. While specific IgG and IgM responses to C. pneumonia...

    Authors: Katir K Patel, Erica Anderson, Paul S Salva and Wilmore C Webley
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:32
  39. The progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) considerably varies among patients. Those with emphysema identified by quantitative computed tomography (CT) are associated with the rapid progre...

    Authors: Naoya Tanabe, Shigeo Muro, Shiro Tanaka, Susumu Sato, Tsuyoshi Oguma, Hirofumi Kiyokawa, Tamaki Takahashi, Daisuke Kinose, Yuma Hoshino, Takeshi Kubo, Emiko Ogawa, Toyohiro Hirai and Michiaki Mishima
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:31
  40. There is strong evidence that oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) is an oxidative stress ...

    Authors: Liz Hardaker, Parmjit Bahra, Benjamin Cochin de Billy, Mark Freeman, Natalia Kupfer, Daniel Wyss and Alexandre Trifilieff
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:30
  41. Stimulation of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) increases Na+ transport, a driving force of alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) to keep alveolar spaces free of edema fluid that is beneficial for acute lung injury (ALI...

    Authors: Wang Deng, Chang-Yi Li, Jin Tong, Wei Zhang and Dao-Xin Wang
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:29
  42. Small airway narrowing is an important pathology which impacts lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts contribute to inflammation, remo...

    Authors: Stacey L Tannheimer, Clifford D Wright and Michael Salmon
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:28
  43. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is associated with proximal pulmonary artery obstruction and vascular remodeling. We hypothesized that pulmonary arterial smooth muscle (PASMC) and endothe...

    Authors: Rozenn Quarck, Marijke Wynants, Alicja Ronisz, Maria Rosario Sepulveda, Frank Wuytack, Dirk Van Raemdonck, Bart Meyns and Marion Delcroix
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:27
  44. Transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid and ankyrin cation channels are activated by various noxious chemicals and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cough. The aim was to study the influen...

    Authors: Lidwien AM Smit, Manolis Kogevinas, Josep M Antó, Emmanuelle Bouzigon, Juan Ramón González, Nicole Le Moual, Hans Kromhout, Anne-Elie Carsin, Isabelle Pin, Deborah Jarvis, Roel Vermeulen, Christer Janson, Joachim Heinrich, Ivo Gut, Mark Lathrop, Miguel A Valverde…
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:26
  45. Direct allorecognition, i.e., donor lung-derived dendritic cells (DCs) stimulating recipient-derived T lymphocytes, is believed to be the key mechanism of lung allograft rejection. Myeloid (cDCs) and plasmacyt...

    Authors: Heather L Benson, Hidemi Suzuki, Jeremy Lott, Amanda Jo Fisher, Crystal Walline, Kathleen M Heidler, Randy Brutkiewicz, Janice S Blum and David S Wilkes
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:25
  46. Injurious mechanical ventilation (MV) may augment organ injury remote from the lungs. During sepsis, myocardial dysfunction is common and increased endothelial activation and permeability can cause myocardial ...

    Authors: Lonneke Smeding, Frans B Plötz, Regis R Lamberts, Willem J van der Laarse, Martin CJ Kneyber and AB Johan Groeneveld
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2012 13:23

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