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  1. The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products is concerning. We examined the potential toxic effects when inhaled in Brown-Norway (BN) rats with a pre-inflammatory state compared to S...

    Authors: Joanna Seiffert, Alison Buckley, Bey Leo, Nicholas G. Martin, Jie Zhu, Ranran Dai, Farhana Hussain, Chang Guo, James Warren, Alan Hodgson, Jicheng Gong, Mary P. Ryan, Junfeng (Jim) Zhang, Alexandra Porter, Terry D. Tetley, Andrew Gow…
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:85
  2. The burden of oxidative stress is increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, whether the intra-cellular mechanisms controlling the oxidant/anti-oxidant balance in structural airway cel...

    Authors: Fay Hollins, Amanda Sutcliffe, Edith Gomez, Rachid Berair, Richard Russell, Cédric Szyndralewiez, Ruth Saunders and Christopher Brightling
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:84
  3. In the human lung, epithelial progenitor cells in the airways give rise to the differentiated pseudostratified airway epithelium. In mice, emerging evidence confers a progenitor function to cytokeratin 5 (KRT5+) ...

    Authors: N. F. Smirnova, A. C. Schamberger, S. Nayakanti, R. Hatz, J. Behr and O. Eickelberg
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:83
  4. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is an important patient-reported outcome measure used to describe the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which is often accompanied by comorbid conditi...

    Authors: Margarethe E. Wacker, Rudolf A. Jörres, Annika Karch, Armin Koch, Joachim Heinrich, Stefan Karrasch, Holger Schulz, Annette Peters, Sven Gläser, Ralf Ewert, Sebastian E. Baumeister, Claus Vogelmeier, Reiner Leidl and Rolf Holle
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:81
  5. Despite the high mortality in patients with pneumonia admitted to an ICU, data on risk factors for death remain limited.

    Authors: Guowei Li, Deborah J. Cook, Lehana Thabane, Jan O. Friedrich, Tim M. Crozier, John Muscedere, John Granton, Sangeeta Mehta, Steven C. Reynolds, Renato D. Lopes, Lauzier Francois, Andreas P. Freitag and Mitchell A. H. Levine
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:80

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Respiratory Research 2016 17:128

  6. Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are major causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, acute exacerbations remain unpredictable. The aim of...

    Authors: Tomoyuki Kakugawa, Noriho Sakamoto, Shuntaro Sato, Hirokazu Yura, Tatsuhiko Harada, Shota Nakashima, Atsuko Hara, Keishi Oda, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Kazuhiro Yatera, Yuji Ishimatsu, Yasushi Obase, Shigeru Kohno and Hiroshi Mukae
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:79
  7. The knowledge of where particles deposit in the respiratory tract is crucial for understanding the health effects associated with inhaled drug particles.

    Authors: Sophie Perinel, Lara Leclerc, Nathalie Prévôt, Agathe Deville, Michèle Cottier, Marc Durand, Jean-Michel Vergnon and Jérémie Pourchez
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:78
  8. Two replicate, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week crossover studies assessed the effect of the once-daily long-acting β2-agonist olodaterol 5 μg and 10 μg on constant work-rate cycle endurance in patients w...

    Authors: François Maltais, Anne-Marie Kirsten, Alan Hamilton, Dorothy De Sousa, Florian Voß and Marc Decramer
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:77
  9. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a model for pulmonary fibrosis, using ex vivo tissue cultures of lungs from bleomycin treated animals, enabling the investigation of fibrosis remodeling using nov...

    Authors: Niels Ulrik Brandt Hansen, Morten Asser Karsdal, Sarah Brockbank, Simon Cruwys, Sarah Rønnow and Diana Julie Leeming
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:76
  10. The length of time for cigarette smoke (CS) exposure to cause emphysema in mice is drastically reduced when CS exposure is combined with viral infection. However, the extent of inflammatory responses and lung ...

    Authors: Yohannes A. Mebratu, Kevin R. Smith, Getahun E. Agga and Yohannes Tesfaigzi
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:75
  11. Diagnosis of acute lung allograft rejection is currently based on transbronchial lung biopsies. Additional methods to detect acute allograft dysfunction derived from plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage samples m...

    Authors: Nicole E. Speck, Macé M. Schuurmans, Christian Murer, Christian Benden and Lars C. Huber
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:74
  12. As lung function declines rapidly in the early stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the effects of bronchodilators in patients with moderate disease and those who have not previously receive...

    Authors: Dave Singh, Mina Gaga, Olaf Schmidt, Leif Bjermer, Lars Grönke, Florian Voß and Gary T. Ferguson
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:73
  13. Regulators and clinical experts increasingly recognize the importance of incorporating patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in clinical studies of therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). No PAH-specif...

    Authors: Deborah McCollister, Shannon Shaffer, David B. Badesch, Arthur Filusch, Elke Hunsche, René Schüler, Ingela Wiklund and Andrew Peacock
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:72
  14. Gastric contents aspiration in humans is a risk factor for severe respiratory failure with elevated mortality. Although aspiration-induced local lung inflammation has been studied in animal models, little is k...

    Authors: Pedro Ayala, Manuel Meneses, Pablo Olmos, Rebeca Montalva, Karla Droguett, Mariana Ríos and Gisella Borzone
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:71
  15. Nowadays, there is a considerable gap in knowledge concerning the mechanism(s) by which long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) interact to induce bronchodilation. This stud...

    Authors: Mario Cazzola, Luigino Calzetta, Ermanno Puxeddu, Josuel Ora, Francesco Facciolo, Paola Rogliani and Maria Gabriella Matera
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:70
  16. Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous systemic inflammatory disease in which more than 90 % of all patients develop pulmonary manifestations. Several gene associations have previously been described, but established ...

    Authors: Carl Hamsten, Emil Wiklundh, Hans Grönlund, Jochen M. Schwenk, Mathias Uhlén, Anders Eklund, Peter Nilsson, Johan Grunewald and Anna Häggmark-Månberg
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:69
  17. Colonization of the airways with potential pathogenic bacteria is observed in a number of chronic respiratory diseases, such as COPD or cystic fibrosis. Infections with respiratory viruses are known triggers o...

    Authors: Carla Bellinghausen, Fahad Gulraiz, Alexandra C. A. Heinzmann, Mieke A. Dentener, Paul H. M. Savelkoul, Emiel F. Wouters, Gernot G. Rohde and Frank R. Stassen
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:68
  18. Asthma prevalence has increased world-wide especially in children; thus there is a need to develop new therapies that are safe and effective especially for patients with severe/refractory asthma. CD4+ T cells are...

    Authors: Katie Baker, Kristof Raemdonck, Bilel Dekkak, Robert J. Snelgrove, John Ford, Fisnik Shala, Maria G. Belvisi and Mark A. Birrell
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:67
  19. Pulmonary surfactant is a complex fluid that comprises phospholipids and four proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D) with different biological functions. SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D are essential for the lungs’ surfac...

    Authors: Laura Elena Carreto-Binaghi, El Moukhtar Aliouat and Maria Lucia Taylor
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:66
  20. Few reports have examined tissue factor (TF) and autophagy expression in chronic pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension (CTEPH) animal models. Objectives: To investigate the role of tissue factor (TF), autophagy a...

    Authors: Chaosheng Deng, Dawen Wu, Minxia Yang, Yunfei Chen, Haibo Ding, Zhanghua Zhong, Ningfang Lian, Qiaoxian Zhang, Shuang Wu and Kaixiong Liu
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:65
  21. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) or pulmonary cysts is one of the manifestations of Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome (BHDS) that is caused by heterozygous mutations in FLCN gene. Most of the mutations are SNVs and s...

    Authors: Xinxin Zhang, Dehua Ma, Wei Zou, Yibing Ding, Chengchu Zhu, Haiyan Min, Bin Zhang, Wei Wang, Baofu Chen, Minhua Ye, Minghui Cai, Yanqing Pan, Lei Cao, Yueming Wan, Yu Jin, Qian Gao…
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:64
  22. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently treated with systemic corticosteroids despite poor efficacy and side effects. This study inv...

    Authors: Sei Won Kim, Chin Kook Rhee, Yoo Jin Kim, Seok Lee, Hee Je Kim and Jong Wook Lee
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:63
  23. The hexapeptide SLIGRL-amide activates protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) and mas-related G protein-coupled receptor C11 (MRGPRC11), both of which are known to be expressed on populations of sensory nerves....

    Authors: Amy Y. Chang, Tracy S. Mann, Peter K. McFawn, Liang Han, Xinzhong Dong and Peter J. Henry
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:62
  24. Reducing the severity of respiratory symptoms is a key goal in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the effect of aclidinium bromide 400 μg twice daily (BID) on respirato...

    Authors: Paul W. Jones, Nancy K. Leidy, Asha Hareendran, Rosa Lamarca, Ferran Chuecos and Esther Garcia Gil
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:61
  25. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) can easily enter in respiratory system via inhalation because of their low molecular weight and ease of dispersion. Toxicity and adverse effects of SNPs vary according to the physic...

    Authors: Heejae Han, Yoon Hee Park, Hye Jung Park, Kangtaek Lee, Kiju Um, Jung-Won Park and Jae-Hyun Lee
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:60
  26. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. The resultant microvascular reactivity can be assessed non-invasively using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and...

    Authors: Diego Orbegozo Cortés, Lokmane Rahmania, Marian Irazabal, Carlos Santacruz, Vito Fontana, Daniel De Backer, Jacques Creteur and Jean-Louis Vincent
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:59
  27. The potential for adverse respiratory effects following exposure to electronic (e-) cigarette liquid (e-liquid) flavorings remains largely unexplored. Given the multitude of flavor permutations on the market, ...

    Authors: Cara L. Sherwood and Scott Boitano
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:57
  28. The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is increasing and there is widespread perception that e-cigs are safe. E-cigs contain harmful chemicals; more research is needed to evaluate the safety of e-cig use. O...

    Authors: Andrew Higham, Nicholas J. W. Rattray, Jennifer A. Dewhurst, Drupad K. Trivedi, Stephen J. Fowler, Royston Goodacre and Dave Singh
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:56
  29. Smoking cessation following lung cancer diagnosis has been found to improve several patient outcomes. Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is now prevalent within Great Britain, however, use and practice amo...

    Authors: Frances C. Sherratt, Lisa Newson and John K. Field
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:55
  30. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is defined as a condition of inflammation in the paranasal sinus mucosa persisting for more than 12 weeks. We previously reported that the prevalence of CRS was about 8 % in China....

    Authors: Wen-Xiang Gao, Chun-Quan Ou, Shu-Bin Fang, Yue-Qi Sun, Hua Zhang, Lei Cheng, Yan-Jun Wang, Dong-Dong Zhu, Wei Lv, Shi-Xi Liu, P. Z. Li, Geng Xu, Jianbo Shi and Qing-Ling Fu
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:54
  31. Due to their similarity to tobacco cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) could play an important role in tobacco harm reduction. However, the public health community remains divided concerning the a...

    Authors: Caroline Franck, Kristian B. Filion, Jonathan Kimmelman, Roland Grad and Mark J. Eisenberg
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:53
  32. According to the Global Initiative of Asthma, the aim of asthma treatment is to gain and maintain control. In the INTERNATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT ON ASTHMA CONTROL (LIAISON) study, we ev...

    Authors: Fulvio Braido, Guy Brusselle, Daniele Guastalla, Eleonora Ingrassia, Gabriele Nicolini, David Price, Nicolas Roche, Joan B. Soriano and Heinrich Worth
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:51
  33. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication in preterm infants that involves the downregulation of tight junction (TJ) proteins. However, the mechanism underlying downregulation of the expression...

    Authors: Shuyan Xu, Xindong Xue, Kai You and Jianhua Fu
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:50
  34. Ajulemic acid (AjA) is a synthetic analogue of tetrahydrocannabinol that can prevent and limit progression of skin fibrosis in experimental systemic sclerosis. In this study we investigated whether AjA also pr...

    Authors: Monica Lucattelli, Silvia Fineschi, Enrico Selvi, Estrella Garcia Gonzalez, Barbara Bartalesi, Giovanna De Cunto, Sauro Lorenzini, Mauro Galeazzi and Giuseppe Lungarella
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:49
  35. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clinical trials evaluating hard endpoints (mortality, hospitalized exacerbations) require a large number of subjects and prolonged observational periods. We hypothe...

    Authors: Bartolomé R. Celli, Marc Decramer, Dacheng Liu, Norbert Metzdorf, Guus M. Asijee and Donald P. Tashkin
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:48
  36. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation and emphysema, and is caused by exposure to noxious particles or gases, e.g. cigarette smoke....

    Authors: Susan J. M. Hoonhorst, Adèle T. Lo Tam Loi, Simon D. Pouwels, Alen Faiz, Eef D. Telenga, Maarten van den Berge, Leo Koenderman, Jan-Willem J. Lammers, H. Marike Boezen, Antoon J. M. van Oosterhout, Monique E. Lodewijk, Wim Timens, Dirkje S. Postma and Nick H. T. ten Hacken
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:46
  37. The incidence of asthma is increasing at an alarming rate and while the current available therapies are effective in the majority of patients they fail to adequately control symptoms at the more severe end of ...

    Authors: Kristof Raemdonck, Katie Baker, Nicole Dale, Eric Dubuis, Fisnik Shala, Maria G. Belvisi and Mark A. Birrell
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:45
  38. Inspired by the increasing burden of lung associated diseases in society and an growing demand to accommodate patients, great efforts by the scientific community produce an increasing stream of data that are f...

    Authors: Kim A. A. Schilders, Evelien Eenjes, Sander van Riet, André A. Poot, Dimitrios Stamatialis, Roman Truckenmüller, Pieter S. Hiemstra and Robbert J. Rottier
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:44
  39. Asthma is a biologically heterogeneous disease and development of novel therapeutics requires understanding of pathophysiologic phenotypes. There is uncertainty regarding the stability of clinical characterist...

    Authors: P. E. Silkoff, M. Laviolette, D. Singh, J. M. FitzGerald, S. Kelsen, V. Backer, C. Porsbjerg, P. O. Girodet, P. Berger, J. N. Kline, S. Khatri, P. Chanez, V. S. Susulic, E. S. Barnathan, F. Baribaud and M. J. Loza
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:43
  40. Tobacco-smoke is the major etiological factor related to lung cancer. However, other important factor is chronic wood smoke exposure (WSE). Approximately 30 % of lung cancer patients in Mexico have a history o...

    Authors: Alette Ortega-Gómez, Claudia Rangel-Escareño, Camilo Molina-Romero, Eleazar Omar Macedo-Pérez, Alejandro Avilés-Salas, Alejandra Lara-García, Gerardo Alanis-Funes, Rubén Rodríguez-Bautista, Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda and Oscar Arrieta
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:42
  41. Emerging data suggest that innate immunity may play a role in asthma, particularly the toll-like receptors (TLRs). Some studies pointed to an involvement of TLRs 2 and 4 in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma,...

    Authors: Astrid Crespo-Lessmann, Eder Mateus, Silvia Vidal, David Ramos-Barbón, Montserrat Torrejón, Jordi Giner, Lorena Soto, Cándido Juárez and Vicente Plaza
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:41
  42. This study investigated the relationship between changes in lung function (as measured by forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1]) and the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and economically sign...

    Authors: Amber L. Martin, Jessica Marvel, Kyle Fahrbach, Sarah M. Cadarette, Teresa K. Wilcox and James F. Donohue
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:40
  43. WNT/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); however, the role of WNT10A via transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling remains unclear.

    Authors: Keishi Oda, Kazuhiro Yatera, Hiroto Izumi, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Sohsuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Nakao, Tetsuya Hanaka, Takaaki Ogoshi, Shingo Noguchi and Hiroshi Mukae
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2016 17:39

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