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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients

From: Does the presence of systemic artery–pulmonary circulation shunt during bronchial arterial embolization increase the recurrence of noncancer-related hemoptysis? A retrospective cohort study

Parameters

All patients (n = 326)

SPS-absent group (n = 192)

SPS-present group (n = 134)

P-value

Age (years)

59.2 ± 13.1

58.7 ± 13.3

59.9 ± 12.9

0.430

Sex

   

0.001

 Female

95 (29.1%)

43 (22.4%)

52 (38.8%)

 

 Male

231 (70.9%)

149 (77.6%)

82 (61.2%)

 

Duration of hemoptysis (months)

   

 < 0.001

 > 6

122 (37.4%)

55 (28.6%)

67 (50%)

 

 ≤ 6

204 (62.6%)

137 (71.4%)

67 (50%)

 

Underlying lung disease

   

 < 0.001

 Bronchiectasis

175 (53.7%)

93 (48.4%)

82 (61.2%)

 

 Tuberculosis sequela

88 (27.0%)

43 (22.4%)

45 (33.6%)

 

 Chronic pneumonia

37 (11.3%)

32 (16.7%)

5 (3.7%)

 

 Cryptogenic hemoptysis

26 (8.0%)

24 (12.5%)

2 (1.5%)

 

Volume of hemoptysis (ml/d)

   

0.255

 < 100

127 (39.0%)

79 (41.1%)

48 (35.8%)

 

 100–300

135 (41.4%)

81 (42.2%)

54 (40.3%)

 

 ≥ 300

64 (19.6%)

32 (16.7%)

32 (23.9%)

 

Smoking

102 (29.1%)

65 (33.9%)

37 (27.6%)

0.232

Hypertension

93 (28.5%)

58 (30.2%)

35 (26.1%)

0.421

Disease extent (number of affected lobes)

2.1 ± 1.2

1.9 ± 1.2

2.5 ± 1.1

 < 0.001

Presence of pleural thickening

182 (55.8%)

82 (42.7%)

100 (74.6%)

 < 0.001

Lung destruction

21 (6.4%)

5 (2.6%)

16 (11.9%)

0.001

Number of culprit bronchial arteries

2.3 ± 1.0

2.2 ± 1.0

2.3 ± 1.0

0.677

Diameter of culprit bronchial arteries (mm)

2.8 ± 1.1

2.5 ± 0.9

3.1 ± 1.2

 < 0.001

Presence of culprit NBSAs

82 (25.2%)

25 (13.0%)

57 (42.5%)

 < 0.001

Embolization materials

   

0.273

 PVA

261 (80.0%)

148 (77.1%)

113 (84.3%)

 

 Microsphere

56 (17.2%)

38 (19.8%)

18 (13.5%)

 

 Gelatin sponge

9 (2.8%)

6 (3.1%)

3 (2.2%)

 
  1. NBSAs nonbronchial systemic arteries, PVA polyvinyl alcohol, SPS systemic artery–pulmonary circulation shunt