Table 9 Comparison of biomarkers between survivors and non-survivors in the 3 phases of the disease
From: IL-6 and cfDNA monitoring throughout COVID-19 hospitalization are accurate markers of its outcomes
Viral phase (1–9 days) N = 97 | Survivors N = 78 | Non-survivors N = 19 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Neutrophils/mm3 | 4500 [3150;6600] | 7000 [4600;10550] | 0.011 |
Lymphocytes/mm3 | 1200 [800;1600] | 600 [450;800] | < 0.001 |
N/L ratio | 4.25 [2.10;7.49] | 13.50 [6.75;25.85] | < 0.001 |
CRP (mg/L) | 38.0 [12.33;93.83] | 95.00 [59.20;153.40] | 0.047 |
Ferritin (ng/mL) | 406.00 [176.00;569.50] | 558.90 [460.75;1046.17] | 0.015 |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 27.27 [5.78;51.08] | 57.27 [31.73;98.75] | 0.039 |
cfDNA (ng/mL) | 6.11 [3.48;11.45] | 7.87 [5.08;22.21] | 0.037 |
Early inflammatory (10–16 days) N = 59 | Survivors N = 48 | Non-survivors N = 11 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Leukocytes/mm3 | 7500 [6475;8825] | 12,600 [8900;16250] | 0.004 |
Neutrophils/mm3 | 5600 [4275;7000] | 11,400 [7650;14550] | < 0.001 |
Lymphocytes/mm3 | 1200 [775;1800] | 700 [400;800] | 0.002 |
N/L ratio | 4.40 [2.39;9.06] | 17.14 [15.59;24.93] | < 0.001 |
CRP (mg/L) | 20.30 [5.65;41.20] | 72.25 [38.75;128.12] | 0.004 |
PCT (ng/mL) | 0.05 [0.04;0.11] | 0.12 [0.07;0.21] | 0.023 |
D-Dimer (µg/L) | 705.50 [469.50;1020.75] | 3256.50 [1292.25;4987.75] | 0.014 |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 5.28 [1.50;23.10] | 49.12 [26.78;214.49] | 0.001 |
cfDNA (ng/mL) | 7.11 [4.46;9.75] | 12.59 [7.88;26.36] | 0.008 |
Late inflammatory (> 16 days) N = 45 | Survivors N = 32 | Non-survivors N = 13 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Leukocytes/mm3 | 7400 [6300;10250] | 9800 [8700;18700] | 0.003 |
Neutrophils/mm3 | 5250 [4075;6625] | 8400 [6500;16400] | 0.001 |
Lymphocytes/mm3 | 1300 [800;2300] | 600 [400;1100] | 0.002 |
N/L ratio | 3.82 [2.55;6.19] | 15.50 [7.64;41.00] | < 0.001 |
CRP (mg/L) | 9.40 [1.75;19.70] | 236.50 [138.15;459.38] | < 0.001 |
PCT (ng/mL) | 0.06 [0.04;0.09] | 0.34 [0.26;0.88] | < 0.001 |
LDH (U/L) | 199.00 [170.50;275.50] | 341.50 [298.75;446.00] | 0.001 |
D-Dimer (µg/L) | 692.00 [336.50;1619.50] | 2392.00 [1525.00;2925.50] | 0.020 |
cfDNA (ng/mL) | 8.35 [4.91;12.94] | 24.62 [19.21;39.06] | < 0.001 |