Characteristics of the pulmonary opacities on chest CT associated with difficulty in short-term liberation from veno-venous ECMO in patients with severe ARDS

Table 3 Multivariate analysis for difficult short-term liberation from V-V ECMO

Variable	OR (95%CI)	P
Age	1.02 (0.99–1.05)	0.138
Interval MV-ECMO > 7 days	2.22 (0.60–8.18)	0.231
Primary reason for ARDS
Pneumonia
Bacterial	Reference
Influenza	0.92 (0.24–3.58)	0.908
COVID-19	3.18 (0.96–10.61)	0.059
Others	3.12 (1.02–9.55)	0.047
Extra-pulmonary	2.18 (0.45–10.52)	0.332
Drowning	2.34 (0.47–11.69)	0.299
Trauma	1.63 (0.15–17.26)	0.684
SOFA score at ECMO instauration	1.11 (0.94–1.31)	0.221
Characteristics of opacity
Distribution of opacity
Distribution on dorso-ventral axis, diffuse (ref: focal)	0.42 (0.13–1.37)	0.150
Distribution on left-right axis, bilateral (ref: unilateral)	1.87 (0.59–5.97)	0.289
Intensity of opacity
Pure consolidation	Reference
Mixed	4.82 (1.41–16.47)	0.012
Pure ground-glass	2.33 (0.74–7.38)	0.149
Degree of fibroproliferation of opacity
Reticular opacity	0.50 (0.18–1.41)	0.191
Traction bronchiectasis	3.94 (1.38–11.24)	0.010

Abbreviations: MV, mechanical ventilation; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SOFA score, sequential organ failure assessment score; ref reference

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