From: Systematic review of overlapping microRNA patterns in COVID-19 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
miRNA | Disease | Study | Regulation | Biological material | Subject | Method | Outcome summary |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
miR-142-3p | COVID-19 | Z Chen et al. [67] | ↓ | PBMCs | COVID-19 = 17, healthy controls = 6 | Small-RNA sequencing | miR-340–3p, miR-652–3p, miR-4772–5p, miR-192–5p may be biomarkers that predict changes in mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some molecules, including hsa-miR-1291, were considered potential targets to predict the emergence of severe symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
H Tang et al. [77] | ↓ | Whole blood | COVID-19: severe (n = 6) vs moderate (n = 6) | Small-RNA sequencing | miR-146a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-15b-5p are potential contributors to the disease pathogenesis, possibly serving as biomarkers of severe COVID-19 | ||
IPF | J Guiot et al. [33] | ↑ ↑ | Sputum-derived exosomes Plasma-derived exosomes | IPF = 19, healthy controls = 23 IPF = 14, healthy controls = 14 | qPCR | Macrophage-derived exosomes may fight against pulmonary fibrosis progression via the delivery of antifibrotic miR-142–3 p to alveolar epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts | |
M-S Njock et al. [29] | ↑ | Sputum-derived exosomes | IPF = 16, healthy controls = 14 | miRNA qPCR array | First characterisation of miRNA content of sputum-derived exosomes in IPF that identified promising biomarkers for diagnosis and disease severity | ||
miR-15a-5p | COVID-19 | M Fayyad-Kazan et al. [47] | ↑ | Plasma | COVID-19 = 6, healthy controls = 6 | qPCR array, qPCR | Plasma miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-3p, and miR-92a-3p expression levels could serve as potential diagnostic biomarker for SARS-CoV-2-infection |
MI Mitchell et al. [50] | ↑ | Serum-derived EVs, whole serum | COVID-19 patients: severe (n = 17) vs mild (n = 13) | Small-RNA sequencing, qPCR | miR-146a and miR-126-3p are significantly downregulated in serum-derived EVs with disease severity | ||
IPF | Y Chen et al. [74] | ↓ | Lung tissue | IPF = 106, healthy controls = 50 | Microarray | miR-15a inhibits fibrogenesis in lung fibroblast and abrogated BLM-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of lung fibrosis | |
miR-31-5p | COVID-19 | RJ Farr et al. [75] | ↑ | Plasma | COVID-19 = 10, healthy controls = 10 | Small-RNA sequencing, qPCR | miRNA signature, consisting of miR423-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-195-5p, could independently classify COVID-19 patients from healthy controls |
IPF | NG Casanova et al. [73] | ↓ | PBMCs | IPF = 70 (according to disease severity) | miRNA qPCR array | miRNA-driven peripheral blood molecular signatures as valuable and novel biomarkers associated to individuals at high survival risk and for potentially facilitating individualized therapies in IPF disease | |
miR-93-5p | COVID-19 | A Demiray et al. [62] | ↓ | Serum | COVID-19 = 40, healthy controls = 10 | qPCR | The increase in miR-190a level may be a prognostic factor related to the COVID-19 disease |
IPF | S Mullenbrock et al. [63] | ↑ | Lung fibroblasts | IPF = 10, healthy controls = 10 | Small-RNA sequencing | Over expression of miR-29b-3p, miR-146b-5p, or miR-138-5p decreased expression of distinct sets of fibrotic signature genes | |
miR-96-5p | COVID-19 | CX Li et al. [64] | ↓ | Blood | COVID-19 = 10, healthy controls = 4 | Small-RNA sequencing | New insights into inflammation regulatory mechanisms of miRs in COVID-19, which may provide novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic avenues for COVID-19 patients |
IPF | RS Nho et al. [78] | ↑ | Lung, pulmonary fibroblasts | IPF = 8, healthy controls = 8 | qPCR | The alteration of miR-96 expression in IPF fibroblasts contributes to maintain their pathological phenotype, which may contribute to the progression of IPF | |
miR-144-3p | COVID-19 | CX Li et al. [64] | ↓ | Blood | COVID-19 = 10, healthy controls = 4 | Small-RNA sequencing | New insights into inflammation regulatory mechanisms of miRs in COVID-19, which may provide novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic avenues for COVID-19 patients |
IPF | NG Casanova et al. [73] | ↑ | PBMCs | IPF = 70 (according to disease severity) | miRNA qPCR array | miRNA-driven peripheral blood molecular signatures as valuable and novel biomarkers associated to individuals at high survival risk and for potentially facilitating individualized therapies in IPF disease | |
miR-223 | COVID-19 | I Saulle et al. [54] | ↑ | Plasma | COVID-19 = 15, controls = 6 | qPCR array | A combination of dysregulated miRNAs and antiviral/immune factors seems to control both the infection and the dysfunctional immune reaction |
A Demiray et al. [62] | ↓ | Serum | COVID-19 = 40, healthy controls = 10 | qPCR | The increase in miR-190a level may be a prognostic factor related to the COVID-19 disease | ||
IPF | NG Casanova et al. [73] | ↑ | PBMCs | IPF = 70 (according to disease severity) | MiRNA qPCR array | miRNA-driven peripheral blood molecular signatures as valuable and novel biomarkers associated to individuals at high survival risk and for potentially facilitating individualized therapies in IPF disease | |
miR-34b | COVID-19 | A Demiray et al. [62] | ↓ | Serum | COVID-19 = 40, healthy controls = 10 | qPCR | Decrease of miR-34b level in COVID-19 disease |
IPF | S Disayabutr et al. [79] | ↑ | AECs | IPF = 15, healthy controls = 15 | miRNA arrays, qPCR | The relative levels of senescence-associated miRNAs miR-34a, miR-34b, and miR-34c were significantly higher in AECs from IPF patients | |
miR-34c | COVID-19 | Z Chen et al. [67] | ↓ | PBMCs | COVID-19 = 17, healthy controls = 6 | Small-RNA sequencing | miR-340–3p, miR-652–3p, miR-4772–5p, miR-192–5p may be biomarkers that predict changes in mild SARS-CoV-2 infection |
IPF | S Disayabutr et al. [79] | ↑ | AECs | IPF = 15, healthy controls = 15 | miRNA arrays, qPCR | The relative levels of senescence-associated miRNAs miR-34a, miR-34b, and miR-34c were significantly higher in AECs from IPF patients | |
miR-27a-3p | COVID-19 | Z Chen et al. [67] | ↓ | PBMCs | COVID-19 = 17, healthy controls = 6 | Small-RNA sequencing | miR-340–3p, miR-652–3p, miR-4772–5p, miR-192–5p may be biomarkers that predict changes in mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some molecules, including hsa-miR-1291, were considered potential targets to predict the emergence of severe symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
D de Gonzalo-Calvo et al. [60] | ↑ | Plasma | COVID-19 patients: ICU (n = 36) vs ward (n = 43) | qPCR array | Signature of three miRNAs (miR-148a-3p, miR-451a and miR-486-5p) that distinguishes between ICU and ward patients | ||
IPF | H Cui et al. [111] | ↓ | Lung fibroblasts (control) and myofibroblasts (IPF) | IPF = 6, healthy controls = 6 | qPCR | This study discovered that miR-27a-3p was a negative regulator of lung myofibroblast differentiation and pulmonary fibrosis | |
miR-29c-3p | COVID-19 | I Saulle et al. [54] | ↑ ↑ | Plasma Placenta | COVID-19 = 15, controls = 6 | qPCR array | A combination of dysregulated miRNAs and antiviral/immune factors seems to control both the infection and the dysfunctional immune reaction |
IPF | T Xie et al. [76] | ↓ | Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) | IPF = 7, healthy controls = 4 | qPCR | miR-29c maintains epithelial integrity and promotes recovery from lung injury, thereby attenuating lung fibrosis in mice | |
miR-29a-3p | COVID-19 | C Grehl et al. [81] | ↓ | Plasma | COVID-19 patients: severe (n = 5) vs mild (n = 3) | Small-RNA sequencing | Several of these miRNAs are associated with JAK-STAT response and cytokine storm |
I Saulle et al. [54] | ↑ | Plasma | COVID-19 = 15, controls = 6 | qPCR array | A combination of dysregulated miRNAs and antiviral/immune factors seems to control both the infection and the dysfunctional immune reaction | ||
R Keikha et al. [82] | ↓ | Serum | COVID-19 patients with grade 1 (n = 21), grade 2 (n = 20), grade 3 (n = 20), grade 4 (n = 21), and grade 5 (n = 21) | qPCR | Relative expression of miR-31-3p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-126-3p was down-regulated and relative expression of miR-17-3p was up-regulated with the increase of COVID-19 grade | ||
T Donyavi et al. [80] | ↑ | PBMCs | COVID-19 = 18, healthy controls = 15 | qPCR | miR-29a-3p, miR-155-5p and miR-146a-3p may serve as the novel biomarker for COVID-19 diagnosis | ||
IPF | E Tsitoura et al. [83] | ↓ | BAL cells | IPF = 45, healthy controls = 17 | qPCR | Novel evidence of the involvement of the miR-185/AKT pathway in IPF BAL cells, and support for the use of miR-29a and miR-185 as BAL IPF biomarkers | |
miR-192–5p | COVID-19 | Z Chen et al. [67] | ↓ | PBMCs | COVID-19 = 17, healthy controls = 6 | Small-RNA sequencing | miR-340–3p, miR-652–3p, miR-4772–5p, miR-192–5p may be biomarkers that predict changes in mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some molecules, including hsa-miR-1291, were considered potential targets to predict the emergence of severe symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
IPF | M-S Njock et al. [29] | ↑ | Sputum-derived exosomes | IPF = 16, healthy controls = 14 | miRNA qPCR array | First characterisation of miRNA content of sputum-derived exosomes in IPF that identified promising biomarkers for diagnosis and disease severity | |
miR-195-5p | COVID-19 | RJ Farr et al. [75] | ↑ | Plasma | COVID-19 = 10, healthy controls = 10 | Small-RNA sequencing, qPCR | miRNA signature, consisting of miR423-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-195-5p, could independently classify COVID-19 patients from healthy controls (99.9% accuracy) |
IPF | C Huang et al. [69] | ↓ | Lung | IPF = 28 (< 50% FVC vs  > 80% FVC) | microarray, qPCR | miR-101 is an antifibrotic microRNA and a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis | |
miR-1275 | COVID-19 | RJ Farr et al. [75] | ↓ | Plasma | COVID-19 = 10, healthy controls = 10 | Small-RNA sequencing, qPCR | miRNA signature, consisting of miR423-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-195-5p, could independently classify COVID-19 patients from healthy controls (99.9% accuracy) |
IPF | NG Casanova et al. [73] | ↑ | PBMCs | IPF = 70 (according to disease severity) | miRNA qPCR array | miRNA-driven peripheral blood molecular signatures as valuable and novel biomarkers associated to individuals at high survival risk and for potentially facilitating individualized therapies in IPF disease | |
miR-27b-3p | COVID-19 | D de Gonzalo-Calvo et al. [60] | ↑ | Plasma | COVID-19 patients: ICU (n = 36) vs ward (n = 43) | qPCR array | Signature of three miRNAs (miR-148a-3p, miR-451a and miR-486-5p) that distinguishes between ICU and ward patients |
IPF | C Huang et al. [69] | ↓ | Lung | IPF = 28 (< 50% FVC vs  > 80% FVC) | Microarray, qPCR | miR-101 is an antifibrotic microRNA and a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis | |
miR-15b-5p | COVID-19 | H Tang et al. [77] | ↑ | Whole blood | COVID-19 patients: severe (n = 6) vs moderate (n = 6) | Small-RNA sequencing | miR-146a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-15b are potential contributors to the disease pathogenesis, possibly serving as biomarkers of severe COVID-19 |
IPF | Y Chen et al. [74] | ↓ | Lung tissue | IPF = 106, healthy controls = 50 | Microarray | miR-15a-5p inhibits fibrogenesis in lung fibroblast and abrogated BLM-induced lung fibrosis in mice | |
miR-190a-5p | COVID-19 | A Demiray et al. [62] | ↑ | Serum | COVID-19 = 40, healthy controls = 10 | qPCR | The increase in miR-190a level may be a prognostic factor related to the COVID-19 disease |
IPF | S Mullenbrock et al. [63] | ↓ | Lung fibroblasts | IPF = 10, healthy controls = 10 | Small-RNA sequencing | Over expression of miR-29b-3p, miR-146b-5p, or miR-138-5p decreased expression of distinct sets of fibrotic signature genes |