Table 2 Overlapping downregulated miRNAs between COVID-19 and IPF
From: Systematic review of overlapping microRNA patterns in COVID-19 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
miRNA | Disease | Study | Regulation | Biological material | Subject | Method | Outcome summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
miR-17-5p | COVID-19 | M Fayyad-Kazan et al. [47] | ↓ | Plasma | COVID-19 = 6, healthy controls = 6 | qPCR array, qPCR | Decrease of miR-17-5p in the plasma of COVID-19 patients compared to healthy donors |
A Demiray et al. [62] | ↓ | Serum | COVID-19 = 40, healthy controls = 10 | qPCR | Decrease of miR-17-5p in the serum of COVID-19 patients compared to healthy donors | ||
IPF | S Mullenbrock et al. [63] | ↓ | Lung fibroblasts | IPF = 10, healthy controls = 10 | Small-RNA sequencing | Decrease of miR-17-5p in fibroblasts of patients with IPF compared to healthy donors | |
miR-20a-5p | COVID-19 | CX Li et al. [64] | ↓ | Blood | COVID-19 = 10, healthy controls = 4 | Small-RNA sequencing | New insights into inflammation regulatory mechanisms of miRs in COVID-19, which may provide novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic avenues for COVID-19 patients |
IPF | S Mullenbrock et al. [63] | ↓ | Lung fibroblasts | IPF = 10, healthy controls = 10 | Small-RNA sequencing | Decrease of miR-20a-5p in lung fibroblasts of patients with IPF compared to healthy donors | |
miR-92a-3p | COVID-19 | D de Gonzalo-Calvo et al. [60] | ↓ | Plasma | COVID-19 patients: ICU (n = 36) vs ward (n = 43) | qPCR array | MiR-92a-3p enable the distinction between ICU and ward patients |
IPF | B Berschneidera et al. [65] | ↓ | Lung, pulmonary fibroblasts | IPF = 8, healthy controls = 7 | qPCR | Regulatory role of miR-92a-3p for WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 expression in pulmonary fibrosis | |
miR-141-3p | COVID-19 | Z Chen et al. [67] | ↓ | PBMCs | COVID-19 = 17, healthy controls = 6 | Small-RNA sequencing | miR-141-3p may be biomarkers that predict changes in mild SARS-CoV-2 infection |
IPF | C Huang et al. [69] | ↓ | Lung | IPF = 28 (< 50% FVC vs > 80% FVC) | Microarray, qPCR |  | |
miR-16-5p | COVID-19 | D de Gonzalo-Calvo et al. [60] | ↓ | Plasma | COVID-19 patients: ICU (n = 36) vs ward (n = 43) | qPCR array | Plasma miR-16-5p is differentially expressed between ICU and ward patients |
IPF | D Lacedonia et al. [70] | ↓ | Serum-derived exosomes | IPF = 61, healthy controls = 15 | qPCR | Identification of new key players (Let-7d, miR-16-5p) in the pathophysiology of IPF | |
miR-142-5p | COVID-19 | M Fayyad-Kazan et al. [47] | ↓ | Plasma | COVID-19 = 6, healthy controls = 6 | qPCR array, qPCR | Plasma miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-3p, and miR-92a-3p expression levels could serve as potential diagnostic biomarker for SARS-CoV-2-infection |
IPF | C Huang et al. [69] | ↓ | Lung | IPF = 28 (< 50% FVC vs  > 80% FVC) | Microarray, qPCR | miR-101 is an antifibrotic miRNA and a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis | |
P Li et al. [56] | ↓ | Serum | IPF = 76, healthy controls = 73 | Microarray, qPCR | Altered expression level of miR-142-5p in IPF context | ||
miR-486-5p | COVID-19 | D de Gonzalo-Calvo et al. [60] | ↓ | Plasma | COVID-19 patients: ICU (n = 36) vs ward (n = 43) | qPCR array | Signature of three miRNAs (miR-148a-3p, miR-451a and miR-486-5p) that distinguishes between ICU and ward patients |
IPF | X Ji et al. [71] | ↓ ↓ | Lung Serum | IPF = 5, silicosis = 5, healthy controls = 2 silicosis = 60, healthy controls = 20 | qPCR | Functional test revealed that miR-486-5p may inhibit pulmonary fibrosis | |
miR-708-3p | COVID-19 | Z Chen et al. [67] | ↓ | PBMCs | COVID-19 = 17, healthy controls = 6 | Small-RNA sequencing | miR-340–3p, miR-652–3p, miR-4772–5p, miR-192–5p may be biomarkers that predict changes in mild SARS-CoV-2 infection |
IPF | S Mullenbrock et al. [63] | ↓ | Lung fibroblasts | IPF = 10, healthy controls = 10 | Small-RNA sequencing | Over expression of miR-29b-3p, miR-146b-5p, or miR-138-5p decreased expression of distinct sets of fibrotic signature genes | |
B Liu et al. [72] | ↓ | PBMCs | IPF = 78, healthy controls = 78 | qPCR | Downregulation of miR-708-3p aggravates IPF, and miR-708-3p can serve as a potential therapeutic target for IPF | ||
miR-150-5p | COVID-19 | D de Gonzalo-Calvo et al. [60] | ↓ | Plasma | COVID-19 patients: ICU (n = 36) vs ward (n = 43) | qPCR array | Signature of three miRNAs (miR-148a-3p, miR-451a and miR-486-5p) that distinguishes between ICU and ward patients |
IPF | NG Casanova et al. [73] | ↓ | PBMCs | IPF = 70 (according to disease severity) | qPCR array | miRNA-driven peripheral blood molecular signatures as valuable and novel biomarkers associated to individuals at high survival risk and for potentially facilitating individualized therapies in IPF disease |