Table 1 The distribution of baseline demographic and clinical characteristics according to sleep quality

Number of patients,

n (%)

461(100.0)

228(49.5)

233(50.5)

Age (years)^a

63.1 ± 8.2

64.3 ± 8.5

62.1 ± 9.0

Sex^b

 Male

410(88.9)

199(87.3)

211(90.6)

 Female

52(11.1)

29(12.7)

22(9.4)

Education^b

 Primary school

158(34.3)

84(36.8)

74(31.8)

 Junior high school

189(41.0)

97(42.5)

92(39.5)

 High school

77 (16.7)

35(15.4)

42(18.0)

 University

37(8.0)

12 (5.3)

25 (10.7)

BMI (kg/m²)^a

22.6 ± 3.1

22.3 ± 3.2

22.9 ± 3.4

Marry status^b

 married

351 (95.4)

219 (96.1)

222(95.2)

 unmarried

17(4.6)

9(3.9)

11 (4.8)

Smoking state^b

Current smoker

178(38.8)

84(36.9)

95(40.7)

Ex-smoker

210(45.6)

107(46.9)

103(44.2)

Non-smoker

72(16.6)

37(16.2)

35(16.0)

Biofuel exposure^b

 Yes

169(36.7)

90(39.3)

79(34.1)

 No

292(63.3)

138(60.7))

154 (65.9)

Occupational^b

 Yes

182(39.4)

90(39.3)

79(39.5)

 No

279(60.6)

138 (60.7))

154 (60.5)

CAT^a

12.4 ± 6.8

14.6 ± 6.3

9.8 ± 6.0

mMRC^b

2 (1)

2(2)

2(1)

 0–1

179(38.8)

71(31.1)

108(46.4)

 2–4

282(61.2)

157(68.9)

125(53.6)

CCQ^a

18.4 ± 8.2

20.3 ± 7.7

17.7 ± 7.4

FEV1(L)^c

1.4(0.90)

1.33(0.73)

1.49(0.99)

FEV1 (% predicted)^c

54.40(31.2)

52.5(28.7)

56.0(31.7)

FEV1/FVC^c

50.9(19.9)

47.1(19.7)

51.3(23.9)

Exacerbations

in the past year^c

0(1)

0(1)

0(1)

Exacerbations

in the past year^b

 0

230(49.9)

109(47.8)

121 (51.9)

 1

122(26.4)

59 (25.9)

63 (27.0)

 ≥ 2

109(23.7)

60 (26.3)

49(21.1)

GOLD group^b

 A

81(17.6)

23(10.1)

58(24.9)

 B

195(42.3)

110(48.2)

85(36.5)

 C

25(5.4)

5(2.2)

20(8.6)

 D

160(34.7)

90(39.5)

70(30.0)

Treatment^b

 LAMA

91(19.7)

33(14.5)

58(24.9)

 LABA + ICS

62(13.4)

31(13.6)

31(13.3)

 LABA + LAMA

61(13.2)

37(16.2)

24(10.3)

 LABA + LAMA + ICS

217(47.1)

106(46.5)

111(47.6)

 Others

30(6.5)

21(9.2)

9(3.9)

PSQI score^a

5.8 ± 3.4

8.5 ± 2.7

3.2 ± 1.4

 Sleep efficiency^a

1.6 ± 1.1

2.3 ± 0.9

0.8 ± 0.6

 Sleep quality^a

2 ± 1.4

3.2 ± 1.2

1.3 ± 0.6

 Daily disturbance^a

2.0 ± 1.0

2.9 ± 1.1

1.1 ± 0.7

Risk of OSAS^b

 positive

93 (20.1)

46 (20.2)

47 (20.0)

 negative

368 (79.9)

182 (79.8)

186 (80.0)

Anxiety^b

31 (6.8)

22 (9.8)

9 (3.8)

Depresion^b

11 (2.4)

8 (3.3)

3 (1.1)