Table 1 Comparison of patient characteristics
Category | All patients (N = 588) | Recurrent hemoptysis | Recurrent severe hemoptysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (N = 321) | Yes (N = 267) | p value | No (N = 474) | Yes (N = 114) | p value | ||
Age, years | 59.9 ± 12.6 | 59.8 ± 12.5 | 59.9 ± 12.7 | 0.899 | 59.2 ± 12.7 | 62.4 ± 11.9 | 0.016 |
Sex (female) | 276 (46.9) | 157 (48.9) | 119 (44.6) | 0.294 | 218 (46.0) | 58 (50.9) | 0.348 |
Body mass index, kg m−2 | 21.6 ± 2.8 | 21.4 ± 3.4 | 21.4 ± 3.4 | 0.608 | 21.6 ± 3.1 | 21.3 ± 3.1 | 0.405 |
Smoking | |||||||
 Non-smoker | 392 (66.7) | 203 (62.9) | 189 (71.2) | 0.071 | 320 (66.9) | 72 (65.5) | 0.345 |
 Ex-smoker | 143 (24.3) | 84 (26.2) | 59 (22.1) | 112 (23.4) | 31 (28.2) | ||
 Current smoker | 53 (9.0) | 35 (10.9) | 18 (6.7) | 46 (9.6) | 7 (6.4) | ||
Duration of bronchiectasis, years | 10 (5.20) | 10 (4.20) | 20 (8.30) | < 0.001 | 10 (5.20) | 20 (10.30) | < 0.001 |
Symptoms | |||||||
Duration of hemoptysis, years | 7 (2.20) | 5 (1.12) | 10 (2.20) | 0.001 | 5 (1.20) | 10 (3.30) | 0.001 |
Hemoptysis volume, mL | 180 (150.210) | 180 (150.200) | 200 (150.220) | 0.078 | 180 (140.203) | 200 (158.235) | 0.013 |
24-h sputum volume†| |||||||
 Minimal | 139 (23.6) | 97 (30.2) | 42 (15.7) | < 0.001 | 123 (25.9) | 16 (14.0) | 0.005 |
 Few | 225 (38.3) | 126 (39.3) | 99 (37.1) | 182 (38.4) | 43 (37.7) | ||
 Medium | 159 (27.0) | 77 (24.0) | 82 (30.7) | 125 (26.4) | 34 (29.8) | ||
 Massive | 65 (11.1) | 21 (6.5) | 44 (16.5) | 44 (9.3) | 21 (18.4) | ||
Hemoptysis related factors | |||||||
 Hypertension | 130 (22.1) | 69 (21.5) | 61 (22.8) | 0.694 | 106 (22.4) | 24 (21.1) | 0.762 |
 Thrombocytopenia | 19 (3.2) | 10 (3.1) | 9 (3.4) | 0.862 | 15 (3.2) | 4 (3.5) | 0.773 |
 Anticoagulant | 22 (3.7) | 8 (2.5) | 14 (5.2) | 0.080 | 17 (3.6) | 5 (4.4) | 0.783 |
Pathogen findings | |||||||
 Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 140 (23.8) | 44 (13.7) | 96 (36.1) | < 0.001 | 84 (17.7) | 56 (49.1) | < 0.001 |
 Isolation of other pathogenic microorganisms* | 23 (3.9) | 10 (3.1) | 13 (4.9) | 0.275 | 21 (4.4) | 2 (1.8) | 0.281 |
Radiographic findings | |||||||
 Number of bronchiectatic lobes ≥ 3 | 427 (72.6) | 196 (61.1) | 231 (86.5) | < 0.001 | 329 (69.4) | 98 (86.0) | < 0.001 |
Bronchoarterial ratio§ | |||||||
 1–2 times | 261 (44.4) | 176 (54.8) | 85 (31.8) | < 0.001 | 232 (48.9) | 29 (25.4) | < 0.001 |
 2–3times | 110 (18.7) | 62 (19.3) | 48 (18.0) | 87 (18.4) | 23 (20.2) | ||
 > 3times | 217 (36.9) | 83 (25.9) | 134 (50.2) | 155 (32.7) | 62 (54.4) | ||
Bronchiectatic type | |||||||
 Cylindrical | 161 (27.4) | 113 (35.1) | 48 (18.0) | < 0.001 | 142 (30.0) | 19 (16.7) | 0.001 |
 Cystic | 91 (15.5) | 59 (18.3) | 32 (12.0) | 79 (16.7) | 12 (10.5) | ||
 Mixed | 336 (57.1) | 149 (46.4) | 187 (70.0) | 253 (53.4) | 83 (72.8) | ||
Emphysema | 115 (19.6) | 75 (23.4) | 40 (15.0) | 0.011 | 96 (20.3) | 19 (16.7) | 0.386 |
Atelectasis | 161 (27.4) | 79 (24.6) | 82 (30.7) | 0.099 | 118 (24.9) | 43 (37.7) | 0.006 |
Complications after BAE | |||||||
 Chest tightness | 36 (6.1) | 19 (5.9) | 17 (6.4) | 0.188 | 26 (5.5) | 10 (8.8) | 0.753 |
 Chest pain | 33 (5.6) | 17 (5.3) | 16 (6.0) | 26 (5.5) | 7 (6.1) | ||
 Hematoma at the puncture site | 11 (1.9) | 5 (1.6) | 6 (2.2) | 9 (1.9) | 2 (1.8) | ||
 Fever | 7 (1.2) | 6 (1.9) | 1 (0.4) | 6 (1.3) | 1 (0.9) | ||
 Dysphagia | 5 (0.9) | 5 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 5 (1.1) | 0 (0) | ||