Fig. 3

PiRNAs/PIWI complex as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in respiratory tract diseases. piRNA-L-163 directly bonded to p-ERM and regulated its activity, affecting the proliferation and migration ability of lung cancer cells. There are 5 piRNAs (DQ596390, DQ597484, DQ595186, DQ582264, DQ597347) differently expressed in BSM cells between asthmatic patients and healthy subjects, which plays a role in the development of asthma through the PTEN signaling pathway. piR-63076 regulated cell proliferation and proliferation by increasing the methylation status of the Acadm promoter. In the process of TB, there are 428 upregulated piRNAs and 349 downregulated piRNAs involved in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, proteoglycans of cancer, the Rap1 signaling pathway and the cGMP–PKG signaling pathway. Moreover, the PIWIL2 was the target gene of Nrf2, which can repress TGF-β signal transduction by interacting with heat shock protein 90 and lead to the reprogramming of purine metabolism in RILF. PIWI protein MIWI2 was induced and expressed in lung epithelial cells of a murine model infected with Streptococcus pneumonia, ultimately increasing the club cells and leukocyte (The Figures are created with BioRender.com)