From: Targeted plasma proteomics reveals signatures discriminating COVID-19 from sepsis with pneumonia
Characteristic | COVID-19 | CAP | Other sepsis | Adj. p-value All | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moderate | Severe | Influenza | Bacterial | NP sepsis | Septic shock | ||
(n = 10) | (n = 17) | (n = 11) | (n = 21) | (n = 18) | (n = 12) | ||
Female sex, No. (%) | 3 (30) | 3 (17.6) | 6 (54.5) | 4 (19) | 11 (61.1) | 2 (17) | * |
Age, median (IQR) | 57 (41–62) | 58 (52–63) | 76 (64–88) | 64 (54–72) | 72 (56–76) | 70 (65–79) | * |
Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–4) | 3 (2–3) | * |
Days symptom debut to admission, median (IQR) | 9 (7–9.8) | 9 (6–12) | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
Days admission to sampling, median (IQR) | 4 (2–6.5) | 5 (4–7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Comorbidities, No. (%) | |||||||
Heart failure | 0 | 2 (12) | 2 (18) | 3 (14) | 5 (28) | 5 (42) | |
Ischemic heart disease | 2 (20) | 1 (6) | 2 (18) | 3 (14) | 2 (11) | 2 (17) | |
Chronic lung disease | 1 (10) | 2 (12) | 4 (36) | 8 (38) | 1 (6) | 1 (8) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 3 (30) | 5 (29) | 4 (36) | 5 (24) | 5 (28) | 4 (33) | |
Renal disease | 0 | 1 (6) | 1 (9) | 3 (14) | 3 (17) | 3 (25) | |
Liver disease | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (5) | 3 (17) | 0 | |
Cerebrovascular disease | 0 | 0 | 2 (18) | 1 (5) | 2 (11) | 1 (8) | |
Dementia | 0 | 1 (6) | 0 | 1 (5) | 2 (11) | 3 (25) | |
Malignancy | 1 (10) | 0 | 1 (9) | 3 (14) | 1 (6) | 2 (17) | |
Connective tissue disease | 1 (10) | 0 | 3 (27) | 2 (10) | 2 (11) | 0 | |
Severity scores at sampling, median (IQR) | |||||||
Total SOFA scorea | 1 (1–1) | 6 (3–6) | 3 (2–3) | 2 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 5 (4–6) | *** |
Respiratory SOFA score | 1 (1–1) | 3 (3–4) | 2 (2–3) | 2(1–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | *** |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio (kPa) | 47.6 (42.0–52.0) | 18.3 (12.6–22.4) | 38.1 (28.6–39.5) | 35 (28.8–50) | 48.1 (38.9–68.5) | 45.7 (35.8–76.3) | *** |
Total SOFA ≥ 2b, No. (%) | 1 (10) | 17 (100) | 9 (82) | 17 (80) | 14 (78) | 12 (100) | *** |
Clinical course, No. (%) | |||||||
ICU or HDUc | 0 | 17 (100) | 1 (9) | 2 (9.5) | 5 (29) | 12 (100) | *** |
Invasive mechanical ventilationc | 0 | 13 (92.2) | 0 | 1 (5) | 1 (6) | 0 | *** |
Vasopressorc | 0 | 13 (92.2) | 0 | 0 | 1 (6) | 12 (100) | *** |
Dead within 28 days | 0 | 4 (23.5) | 1 (9) | 0 | 0 | 1 (8) | * |