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Table 1 Patient characteristics, severity parameters, and clinical course of patients with COVID-19 or sepsis

From: Targeted plasma proteomics reveals signatures discriminating COVID-19 from sepsis with pneumonia

Characteristic

COVID-19

CAP

Other sepsis

Adj. p-value

All

Moderate

Severe

Influenza

Bacterial

NP sepsis

Septic shock

(n = 10)

(n = 17)

(n = 11)

(n = 21)

(n = 18)

(n = 12)

Female sex, No. (%)

3 (30)

3 (17.6)

6 (54.5)

4 (19)

11 (61.1)

2 (17)

*

Age, median (IQR)

57 (41–62)

58 (52–63)

76 (64–88)

64 (54–72)

72 (56–76)

70 (65–79)

*

Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR)

0 (0–1)

0 (0–1)

2 (1–3)

1 (0–3)

1 (0–4)

3 (2–3)

*

Days symptom debut to admission, median (IQR)

9 (7–9.8)

9 (6–12)

NA

NA

NA

NA

 

Days admission to sampling, median (IQR)

4 (2–6.5)

5 (4–7)

0

0

0

0

 

Comorbidities, No. (%)

       

 Heart failure

0

2 (12)

2 (18)

3 (14)

5 (28)

5 (42)

 

 Ischemic heart disease

2 (20)

1 (6)

2 (18)

3 (14)

2 (11)

2 (17)

 

 Chronic lung disease

1 (10)

2 (12)

4 (36)

8 (38)

1 (6)

1 (8)

 

 Diabetes mellitus

3 (30)

5 (29)

4 (36)

5 (24)

5 (28)

4 (33)

 

 Renal disease

0

1 (6)

1 (9)

3 (14)

3 (17)

3 (25)

 

 Liver disease

0

0

0

1 (5)

3 (17)

0

 

 Cerebrovascular disease

0

0

2 (18)

1 (5)

2 (11)

1 (8)

 

 Dementia

0

1 (6)

0

1 (5)

2 (11)

3 (25)

 

 Malignancy

1 (10)

0

1 (9)

3 (14)

1 (6)

2 (17)

 

 Connective tissue disease

1 (10)

0

3 (27)

2 (10)

2 (11)

0

 

Severity scores at sampling, median (IQR)

       

 Total SOFA scorea

1 (1–1)

6 (3–6)

3 (2–3)

2 (2–4)

3 (2–4)

5 (4–6)

***

 Respiratory SOFA score

1 (1–1)

3 (3–4)

2 (2–3)

2(1–2)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2)

***

 PaO2/FiO2 ratio (kPa)

47.6 (42.0–52.0)

18.3 (12.6–22.4)

38.1 (28.6–39.5)

35 (28.8–50)

48.1 (38.9–68.5)

45.7 (35.8–76.3)

***

 Total SOFA ≥ 2b, No. (%)

1 (10)

17 (100)

9 (82)

17 (80)

14 (78)

12 (100)

***

Clinical course, No. (%)

       

 ICU or HDUc

0

17 (100)

1 (9)

2 (9.5)

5 (29)

12 (100)

***

 Invasive mechanical ventilationc

0

13 (92.2)

0

1 (5)

1 (6)

0

***

 Vasopressorc

0

13 (92.2)

0

0

1 (6)

12 (100)

***

 Dead within 28 days

0

4 (23.5)

1 (9)

0

0

1 (8)

*

  1. All p-values are adjusted and refer to Kruskal–Wallis test or Fisher's test. Stars represent significance: *Adj. p-value < 0.05, **Adj. p-value < 0.01, ***Adj. p-value < 0.005. Numerical statistical results are available in Additional file 2: Tables S1 and S2
  2. ICU intensive care unit, HDU high dependency unit, CAP community acquired pneumonia, NP-Sepsis non-pneumonia sepsis.
  3. aBaseline SOFA score points from pathologic creatinine, bilirubin, and platelet counts were subtracted from the total SOFA score
  4. bFour patients with NP-sepsis had a SOFA score of < 2 in the emergency room, but all of them deteriorated to a SOFA score of 2 within 12 h from admission
  5. cDuring hospital stay