Fig. 1
From: Genetic association and causal inference between lung function and venous thromboembolism
The forest plots of UVMR results. The blue dot and line represent the causal estimate and 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively. Each line represents one method to assess the potential causal effect. A Represents the effects of different lung function parameters on VTE risk, and B is the inverse direction. Causal inferences that were not nominally significant with at least two different methods are shown in Figs. S8 and S9 (Additional file 1). CAUSE filtered independent SNPs with GWAS p values < 1 × 10−3. FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC forced vital capacity; FEV1/FVC the ratio of FEV1 to FVC; PEF peak expiratory flow; VTE venous thromboembolism; DVT deep vein thrombosis; PE pulmonary embolism; NSNP number of single nucleotide polymorphism; IVW inverse-variance weighted; CAUSE causal analysis using summary effect; PRESSO pleiotropy residual sum and outlier