Comparison of clinician diagnosis of COVID-19 with real time polymerase chain reaction in an adult-representative population in Sweden

Table 5 Estimates and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and Youden’s index by groups of comorbidity for clinician-diagnosed COVID-19 against real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnosis of COVID-19

	“Severe” comorbidities¹			“Moderately severe” comorbidities²			“Mild” comorbidities³
	0 n = 39,262 Estimate (95% CI)	1 n = 3164 Estimate (95% CI)	2 n = 195 Estimate (95% CI)	0 n = 31,093 Estimate (95% CI)	1 n = 10,450 Estimate (95% CI)	2 n = 1078 Estimate (95% CI)	0 n = 21,790 Estimate (95% CI)	1 n = 13,818 Estimate (95% CI)	≥ 2 n = 7013 Estimate (95% CI)
Sensitivity	0.78 (0.77–0.79)	0.83 (0.78–0.88)	0.69 (0.44–0.86)	0.78 (0.76–0.79)	0.80 (0.77–0.83)	0.84 (0.73–0.91)	0.78 (0.76–0.80)	0.79 (0.77–0.81)	0.78 (0.75–0.81)
Specificity	0.93 (0.93–0.93)	0.93 (0.92–0.94)	0.94 (0.90–0.97)	0.93 (0.93–0.93)	0.93 (0.93–0.94)	0.93 (0.91–0.94)	0.94 (0.94–0.94)	0.93 (0.93–0.94)	0.91 (0.91–0.92)
PPV	0.54 (0.53–0.56)	0.47 (0.42–0.52)	0.52 (0.32–0.72)	0.55 (0.54–0.57)	0.50 (0.48–0.53)	0.41 (0.33–0.50)	0.56 (0.54–0.57)	0.54 (0.52–0.57)	0.49 (0.46–0.52)
NPV	0.98 (0.97–0.98)	0.99 (0.98–0.99)	0.97 (0.93–0.99)	0.97 (0.97–0.98)	0.98 (0.98–0.99)	0.99 (0.98–0.99)	0.98 (0.98–0.98)	0.98 (0.97–0.98)	0.97 (0.97–0.98)
Youden’s index⁴	0.71 (0.70–0.72)	0.76 (0.70–0.81)	0.63 (0.39–0.81)	0.71 (0.69–0.72)	0.73 (0.70–0.76)	0.77 (0.66–0.84)	0.72 (0.70–0.74)	0.72 (0.70–0.74)	0.69 (0.66–0.72)

ISSN: 1465-993X