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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the 130 patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, stratified by the status of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)

From: Gut microbiota composition can reflect immune responses of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with poorly controlled diabetes

 

All

(n = 130)

Non-LTBI

(n = 87)

LTBI

(n = 43)

p-value

Male sex

66 (51%)

47 (54%)

19 (44%)

0.291

Age

67.1 ± 7.6

66.1 ± 9.8

68.2 ± 9.0

0.121

BMI (kg/m2)

26.6 ± 4.2

26.7 ± 4.5

26.6 ± 3.4

0.395

Smoking status

   

0.694

 Never smoker

104 (80%)

68 (78%)

36 (84%)

 

 Ex-smoker

13 (10%)

9 (10%)

4 (9%)

 

 Current smoker

13 (10%)

10 (11%)

3 (7%)

 

Dietary (times/day)

    

 Fruit/Vegetables

1.0 ± 0.6

1.0 ± 0.6

1.0 ± 0.7

0.916

 Seafood

0.9 ± 0.5

0.9 ± 0.5

0.9 ± 0.5

0.976

 Processed meat

1.1 ± 0.6

1.2 ± 0.6

1.1 ± 0.6

0.858

Comorbidities

    

 Hypertension

93 (72%)

58 (67%)

35 (81%)

0.080

 Old CVA

13 (10%)

9 (10%)

4 (9%)

0.885

 CKD, stage ≥ 3

45 (35%)

32 (37%)

13 (30%)

0.460

 ESRD

2 (2%)

2 (2%)

0 (0%)

 > 0.999

 Coronary artery disease

15 (12%)

8 (9%)

7 (17%)

0.215

 Hepatitis B

5 (4%)

3 (3%)

2 (5%)

0.737

 Hepatitis C

5 (4%)

2 (2%)

3 (7%)

0.331

Laboratory data

    

 Maximum HbA1c (%)

10.7 ± 1.7

10.8 ± 1.8

10.5 ± 1.5

0.430

 HbA1c at enrolment (%)

8.8 ± 1.7

8.9 ± 1.8

8.8 ± 1.4

0.723

 Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

181.4 ± 40.2

177.9 ± 39.0

189.4 ± 41.4

0.122

 LDL (mg/dL)

98.9 ± 34.5

96.3 ± 31.0

106.9 ± 40.5

0.101

 HDL (mg/dL)

47.7 ± 28.5

47.8 ± 32.6

44.5 ± 13.4

0.529

 Triglyceride (mg/dL)

173.5 ± 127.4

157.6 ± 114.5

202.0 ± 143.5

0.081

Antihyperglycemic drug

    

 Insulin

80 (62%)

50 (57%)

30 (70%)

0.175

 Metformin

96 (74%)

64 (74%)

32 (74%)

0.917

 Sulfonylurea

69 (53%)

50 (57%)

19 (44%)

0.153

 DPP-4 inhibitor

66 (51%)

44 (51%)

22 (51%)

0.950

 SGLT2 inhibitor

46 (35%)

31 (36%)

15 (35%)

0.933

 Thiazolidinedione

47 (36%)

35 (40%)

12 (28%)

0.169

 Meglitinide

12 (9%)

8 (9%)

4 (9%)

0.984

 α-glucosidase inhibitor

12 (9%)

9 (10%)

3 (7%)

0.533

 GLP-1 agonist

6 (5%)

3 (3%)

3 (7%)

0.397

Lipid-lowering drug

    

 Statin

84 (65%)

53 (61%)

31 (72%)

0.210

 Fibrate

23 (17%)

14 (16%)

9 (21%)

0.496

  1. CKD: chronic kidney disease; CAD: coronary artery disease; CVA: cerebral vascular accident; DM: diabetic mellitus; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LTBI: latent tuberculosis infection; SGLT2: sodium glucose co-transporters 2
  2. Data are either mean ± standard deviation or number (%)
  3. p value was calculated using χ2 test, student’s t test and Mann–Whitney U test, if appropriate
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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