Fig. 4

Correlation of the plasma levels of individual cytokines with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) status and the 6 most differentially abundant genera (Bacteroides, Alistipes, Blautia, Prevotella_9, Streptococcus, and Actinomyces) (* represents p < 0.05). A Plasma cytokine levels (mean ± standard error mean, pg/mL) between LTBI and non-LTBI groups (compared using a Mann–Whitney U test) and the overall performance of the linear regression (LR) models in predicting the individual levels of plasma cytokines. B Beta estimates related to the 6 selected genera in the 6 LR models for predicting individual cytokine levels among overall population. C Gene functions related to immune, D metabolism, and replication pathways in the gut microbiota according to PICRUSt2 with an extended error bar plot to demonstrate the difference between LTBI and non-LTBI groups (the middle value represents the mean inter-group differences with the non-LTBI group used as a reference, and the error bar represents the relevant 95% confidence interval)