Fig. 3

Differential abundance analysis and identification of representative genera as predictive signatures through linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with effect size measurements (LEfSe) analysis and a random forest model to discriminate between patients with poorly controlled diabetes with and without latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). A Significantly different taxa in the cladogram according to a LDA score of ≥ 2 (each circle represents phylogenetic levels from phylum to genus [inside to outside], and each diameter is proportional to the taxon’s abundance). B Significantly different genera in terms of relative abundance (LDA score of ≥ 2) between LTBI and non-LTBI groups. C Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of the predictive model using the 6 most differentially abundant genera (Bacteroides, Alistipes, Blautia, Prevotella_9, Streptococcus, and Actinomyces) for discriminating between LTBI and non-LTBI groups (AUROC: area under the ROC curve). D Feature importance of each of the 6 genera in the predictive model