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Table 3 Overview of guideline-based therapy for pulmonary disease caused by common NTM pathogens

From: Meeting the challenges of NTM-PD from the perspective of the organism and the disease process: innovations in drug development and delivery

Organism

Number of drugs

Preferred drug regimen

Dosing frequency

MAC

Nodular-bronchiectatic disease

3

Macrolide

Rifampicin

Ethambutol

3 times weekly

Cavitary disease

 ≥ 3

Macrolide

Rifampicin

Ethambutol

Amikacin IV (or streptomycin)

Daily (3 times weekly can be used with aminoglycosides)

Refractory disease

 ≥ 4

Macrolide

Rifampicin

Ethambutol

ALIS or amikacin IV

Daily (3 times weekly can be used with aminoglycosides)

M. kansasii

 

3

Macrolide

Rifampicin

Ethambutol

OR

Daily OR 3 times weekly

Isoniazid

Rifampicin

Ethambutol

Daily

M. xenopi

 

 ≥ 3

Macrolide and/or moxifloxacin

Rifampicin

Ethambutol

Amikacin

Daily (3 times weekly can be used with aminoglycosides)

M. abscessus

 

 ≥ 3

Guided by in vitro susceptibility and in collaboration with experts

Based on expert consultation

  1. ALIS, amikacin liposome inhalation suspension; IV, intravenous; MAC, Mycobacterium avium complex. Adapted from [22]