Fig. 7

Validation of findings under three pathological conditions by meta-analysis. A Box plots showing the number of aging- (left), COPD- (middle), and smoking-associated DEGs (right) for all cell types except neutrophils (Adams’ scRNA-seq data do not contain neutrophils) normalized by the number of cells in downsampling analysis of the 9 + 9 dataset. B Dot plots showing the extent to which the biological processes of our interest in Fig. 3I are activated or repressed in all the cell types under COPD, aging, and smoking conditions by GSEA analysis of the 9 + 9 dataset. The red dot represents activation (normalized enrichment score > 0), the blue one represents repression (normalized enrichment score < 0), and the green one represents that genes involved in the biological process were not expressed in this cell type; p-value (P) is indicated by dot size