Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Author, year, journal | Country of study | Study type/ method used | Participant characteristics | Reported analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Ali et al. 2015, BMJ Open (37) | UK | Mixed methods, cohort analysis and questionnaire | N = 6817 (748 completed the questionnaire), High risk individuals invited to the UKLS trial | Multivariate analysis plus thematic analysis of free text data |
2. Carter-Harris et al. 2017a, Family Practice [38] | USA | Qualitative, semi-structured interviews | N = 18, people at high risk of lung cancer who have declined screening invitation | Thematic content analysis |
3. Carter-Harris et al. 2017b, Health Expectations [39] | USA | Qualitative, focus groups | N = 26, long-term smokers eligible for lung screening, mix of those who have and haven’t been screened | Content analysis |
4. Delmerico et al. 2014, Lung Cancer (40) | USA | Quantitative, telephone survey | N = 1290, representative sample of US adults aged 18 ±current, never and former smokers | Logistic regression |
5. Draucker et al. 2019, Health Expectations [41] | USA | Qualitative, telephone semi-structured interviews | N = 40, people eligible for screening, mix of participants and non-participants in screening | Content analysis |
6. Greene et al. 2019, Journal of Cancer Education [42] | USA | Qualitative, telephone semi-structured interviews | N = 37, recent participants in lung screening 55–74 years with a 30 year pack history | Iterative inductive content analysis |
7. Jonnalagada et al. 2012, Lung Cancer [43] | USA | Quantitative, cross-sectional survey | N = 108, people eligible for lung screening aged 55–74 with a 10 pack year smoking history | Logistic regression |
8. Lowenstein 2019, Lung Cancer [44] | USA | Qualitative, interviews | N = 42, screening eligible patients and a convenience sample of doctors from a primary care practice | Thematic content analysis |
9. Percac-Lima et al. 2019, Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health [45] | USA | Quantitative, telephone survey | N = 460, 50–79 year old current and former smokers receiving follow up care at a community health centre | Logistic regression and principal components analysis |
10. Quaife et al. 2017, Health Expectations [46] | UK | Mixed methods, survey and interviews | N = 184, people aged 40 + , smokers and former smoker with low socio-economic status | Chi squared and Fisher's exact test for survey findings and inductive thematic analysis |
11. Quaife et al. 2018, BMC Cancer [47] | UK | Quantitative, national survey | N = 1445, general population of English adults age 50–70 who would be eligible or almost eligible for LCS | Chi squared and logistic regression |
12. Raju et al. 2020, Clinical Lung Cancer [48] | USA | Quantitative, cohort analysis and survey with sub-set of patients | N = 818, participants in a retrospective analysis of those invited to lung screening at one hospital. Survey with sub-set of non-participants | Descriptive analysis, multivariate logistic regression, stepwise variable selection |
13. Raz et al. 2019, Clinical Lung Cancer [49] | USA | Quantitative, survey | N = 185, current smokers attending a smoking cessation class | Descriptive statistics, chi-squared, univariate and multivariate logistic regressions |
14. Roth et al. 2018, PLoS One [50] | USA | Qualitative, in-depth interviews | N = 20, men and women who had completed lung screening | Inductive content analysis |
15. Schiffelbein et al. 2020, Journal of Primary Care and Community Health [51] | USA | Mixed methods, concurrent embedded design—survey and focus groups | N = 23, rural residing residents who met the US lung cancer screening eligibility criteria | Deductive and inductive analysis |
16. Schnoll et al. 2003, Lung Cancer [52] | USA | Quantitative, survey | N = 172, current and former smokers in a community | Descriptive statistics: frequency distributions. Bivariate analyses, Pearson correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple linear regression |
17. See et al. 2020, ERJ Open Research [53] | Australia | Quantitative, survey | N = 283, ever smokers attending outpatient clinics at three Australian hospitals | Descriptive statistics, chi-squared, t-tests |
18. Smits et al. 2018, Health Expectations [54] | UK | Quantitative, survey | N = 1007, general population of adults aged 16 or over in Wales | Multivariate regression |
19. Stephens et al. 2019, Lung [55] | USA | Quantitative, web-based national survey | N = 756, general US population | Descriptive statistics, bivariate association, multivariable association |
20. Tonge et al. 2019, Health Expectations [56] | UK | Qualitative, semi-structured focus groups | N = 33, screening eligible individuals in Manchester, England | Inductive thematic analysis |
21. Simmons et al. 2017, Lung Cancer [57] | USA | Qualitative, focus groups | N = 61, high risk people in one part of Florida and PCPs involved in offering screening | Constant comparative method |