Table 1 Contraindication to non-intubated video-assisted thoracic surgery
From: Thoracic surgery in the non-intubated spontaneously breathing patient
Anaesthesiologic contraindications | Surgical contraindications | Relative contraindications | Others |
|---|---|---|---|
Allergy to local anaesthetic agents | Extensive adhesions obliterating the pleural space | Congestive heart failure | Active neurologic/severe psychiatric disorders |
Coagulation disorders | Prior talc pleurodesis | Mitral-/aortic valve stenosis | Prior radiation treatment for thoracic malignancy |
Skin infection at the site of TEA/CEA/PVB/ESPB/SAPB/PECS | Previous thoracotomies | Obstructive cardiomyopathy | Morbid obesity |
Unfavourable spinal anatomy | Extensive pleural diseases | Difficult airway | Atrial carbon dioxide tension > 55 mmHg |
Markedly unstable or shocked patients | Â | ASA score higher than 3 | Â |
Inability to tolerate single-lung ventilation | Â | Sleep apnoea | Â |