Characteristic | Healthy control (n = 628) | PRISm (n = 126) | Spirometry-defined COPD (n = 685) |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 57.8 ± 7.7 | 60.9 ± 8.3*†| 64.9 ± 7.1 |
Male sex, n (%) | 389 (61.9) | 75 (59.5)†| 631 (92.1) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.6 ± 3.1 | 23.3 ± 3.5†| 22.3 ± 3.3 |
Smoking status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
Never smoked | 318 (50.6) | 68 (54.0)†| 89 (13.0) |
Former smoking | 86 (13.7) | 20 (15.9)†| 218 (31.8) |
Current smoking | 224 (35.7) | 38 (30.2)†| 378 (55.2) |
Smoking index, pack-years | 19.7 ± 28.6 | 20.1 ± 28.3†| 35.0 ± 30.4 |
Biomass exposure, n (%) | 250 (39.8) | 46 (36.5) | 287 (41.9) |
Occupational history to dusts/gases/fumes, n (%) | 110 (17.5) | 30 (23.8) | 216 (31.5) |
Family history of respiratory diseases, n (%) | 63 (10.1) | 16 (12.7)†| 145 (21.3) |
History of pulmonary tuberculosis, n (%) | 11 (5.5) | 2 (8.0)†| 25 (28.1) |
Chronic cough during childhood, n (%) | 6 (18.3) | 4 (3.2) | 32 (4.7) |
Previous medication for respiratory disease, n (%) | 66(10.5) | 18 (14.3)†| 351 (51.2) |
mMRC dyspnea scale score | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.5†| 0.5 ± 0.7 |
CAT score | 3.8 ± 4.2 | 4.5 ± 5.7†| 5.7 ± 5.6 |
Acute respiratory events / exacerbations during preceding year, n (%) | 21 (3.4) | 9 (7.3)†| 96 (14.0) |
Self-reported diagnosed COPD, n (%) | 12 (1.9) | 5 (4.0)†| 252 (36.8) |
Self-reported diagnosed asthma, n (%) | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.8) | 21 (3.1) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
Hypertension | 100 (15.9) | 24 (19.0) | 112 (16.4) |
Diabetes | 26 (4.1) | 12 (9.5)*†| 25 (3.6) |
Coronary heart disease | 24 (3.8) | 4 (3.2) | 24 (3.5) |
Cerebral infarction | 13 (2.1) | 4 (3.2) | 22 (3.2) |
Chronic cough, n (%) | 109 (17.4) | 27 (21.4)†| 296 (43.2) |
Chronic phlegm, n (%) | 142 (22.6) | 36 (28.6)†| 332 (48.5) |
Dyspnea, n (%) | 119 (19.0) | 30 (23.8)†| 280 (40.9) |
Wheeze, n (%) | 36 (5.7) | 16 (12.7)* | 130 (19.0) |