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Table 2 Echocardiographic, Hemodynamic and CPET-derived Parameters of Included Patients

From: Diagnostic and prognostic value of ventilatory power in pulmonary hypertension

Variable

Normal control (n = 177)

PH

P value#

Total (n = 502)

Non-CW (n = 310)

CW (n = 192)

Echocardiography

  LA, mm

33 (30, 37)

30 (28, 33)**

30 (28, 33)

30 (27, 33)

0.625

  EF, %

65 (60, 68)

63.0 (60.0, 67.1)

63.5 (60.0, 67.2)

62.0 (60.0, 67.4)

0.231

  RVED/LVED

0.56 (0.49, 0.66)

0.85 (0.68, 1.06)**

0.83 (0.67, 1.00)

0.91 (0.73, 1.10)

0.001

  TRV, m/s

2.90 (2.65, 3.21

4.40 ± 0.60**

4.40 ± 0.61

4.40 ± 0.57

0.879

RHC

  SvO2, %

76.6 (73.2, 80.0)

69.2 ± 6.7**

70.2 ± 6.5

67.6 ± 6.6

< 0.001

  mRAP, mmHg

3 (1, 5)

5 (2, 8)**

5.0 (2.0, 7.5)

5 (3, 8)

0.073

  mPAP, mmHg

17 (14, 20)

51(44, 60)**

51 (43, 60)

52 (45, 62)

0.151

  PAWP, mmHg

7 (2, 10)

7 (5, 10)

7.5 (5.0, 10.0)

7 (4, 10)

0.283

  CI, L/min/m2

3.50 (2.96, 4.44)

2.82 (2.36, 3.39)**

2.87 (2.43, 3.48)

2.70 (2.26, 3.23)

0.008

  PVR, wood units

1.66 (1.02, 2.47)

10.9 (7.8, 14.0)**

10.5 (7.4, 13.7)

11.7 (8.5, 14.7)

0.003

CPET

  FVC/prediction, %

90 ± 17

86 (76, 94)**

86 (77, 94)

85 (75, 95)

0.394

  FEV1/prediction, %

83.1 ± 17.6

78 (69, 88)**

79 (69, 88)

77.5 (69.0, 87.0)

0.547

  FEV1/FVC

0.79 (0.73, 0.84)

0.78 (0.73, 0.83)

0.78 (0.73, 0.83)

0.78 (0.73, 0.83)

0.375

  Workload@Peak, watt

92 (71, 115)

66 (51, 87)**

67.0 (52.5, 90.5)

63.5 (49, 83)

0.141

  VO2@Rest, mL/min/kg

4.69 (4.19, 5.20)

4.79 (4.20, 5.25)

4.79 (4.16, 5.30)

4.79 (4.30, 5.21)

0.774

  VO2@Peak, mL/min/kg

18 ± 5

12.1 (10.2, 14.8)**

12.5 (10.4, 15.4)

11.5 (9.5, 14.1)

0.003

  HR@Rest, beat/min

78 (68, 89)

81.0 (72.8, 90.0)

81.0 (72.8, 90.0)

80.5 (72.3, 90.8)

0.910

  HR@Peak, beat/min

136.8 ± 24.2

137 (120, 154)

139 (121, 155)

134.0 (118.3, 153.0)

0.165

  SBP@Rest, mmHg

113.4 ± 16.9

105.0 (96.0, 116.8)**

106 (96, 117)

104 (95, 114)

0.126

  SBP@Peak, mmHg

147.8 ± 32.3

131 (111, 153)**

135 (114, 154)

127.0 (108.0, 149.8)

0.030

  DBP@Rest, mmHg

77.5 (69.0, 90.3)

72 (65, 78)**

72 (65, 79)

71 (63, 78)

0.343

  DBP@Peak, mmHg

85 (73.3, 102.8)

82 (70, 98)

82 (72, 99)

81.5 (69.0, 96.8)

0.381

  VO2/HR@Rest, mL/beat

3.70 (3.0, 4.40)

3.60 (3.00, 4.30)

3.60 (3.00, 4.30)

3.55 (3.03, 4.20)

0.715

  VO2/HR@Peak, mL/beat

8.00 (6.75, 9.35)

5.50 (4.60, 6.63)**

5.50 (4.80, 6.80)

5.40 (4.33, 6.40)

0.016

  PETCO2@Rest, mmHg

33 (31, 36)

27 (24, 30)**

27 (24, 30)

27 (24, 30)

0.430

  PETCO2@Peak, mmHg

37.0 (33.5, 41.0)

24 (19, 27)**

24 (20, 28)

22.5 (19.0, 26.0)

0.001

  VE/VCO2 slope

33.3 (30.7, 36.5)

44.1 (37.9, 51.1)**

43.9 (37.2, 50.7)

45.2 (39.1, 52.9)

0.054

  Ventilatory power, mmHg

4.66 (3.66, 5.49)

3.00 (2.25, 3.84)**

3.12 (2.33, 4.04)

2.73 (2.08, 3.58)

0.002

  1. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (range) or number (percentage). @Rest, at rest; @Peak, at peak exercise; CI, cardiac index; CPET, cardiopulmonary exercise testing; CW, clinical worsening; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; EF, ejection fraction; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; HR, heart rate; LA, anteroposterior diameter of left atrium; mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure; mRAP, mean right atrial pressure; PAWP, pulmonary artery wedge pressure; PETCO2, end‐tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; RHC, right heart catheterization; RVED/LVED, the ratio of right ventricular end-diastolic to left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SvO2, mixed venous oxygen saturation; TRV, tricuspid regurgitation velocity; VCO2, carbon dioxide production; VE/VCO2, minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production; VO2, oxygen uptake; VO2, oxygen uptake; VO2/HR, oxygen consumption/ heart rate. *P < 0.05, Normal control compared with patients with PH. **P < 0.001, Normal control compared with patients with PH. # Patients with clinical worsening compared with those without. Significant P values (P < 0.05) are bolded