Lung function and radiological findings 1 year after COVID-19: a prospective follow-up

Respiratory Research

Table 5 Multivariable logistic regression to predict the fibrotic-like impairment at 12 months

	Total N	Missing	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis n = 80
	Total N	Missing	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Age, years	156	0	1.01 (0.98–1.05)	0.37	0.99 (0.93–1.05)	0.77
Female sex	156	0	0.50 (0.25–1.00)	0.05	N/A	N/A
BMI, kg/m²	144	12	0.93 (0.85–1.00)	0.08	N/A	N/A
Smoker	155	1	1.32 (0.68–2.61)	0.40	N/A	N/A
Pulmonary disease	156	0	0.93 (0.38–2.35)	0.87	2.08 (0.49–9.68)	0.32
Hypertension	156	0	0.94 (0.48–1.85)	0.87	1.13 (0.34–3.69)	0.83
Diabetes	156	0	0.95 (0.42–2.23)	0.90	N/A	N/A
Cardiovascular disease	156	0	2.18 (0.99–4.91)	0.05	NA	NA
Admission RALE score	154	2	1.21 (0.99–1.49)	0.05	1.55 (1.06–2.38)	0.02
Peak RALE score	154	2	1.26 (1.05–1.53)	0.01	0.67 (0.41–1.04)	0.08
Length of hospital stay, days	153	3	1.04 (1.01–1.06)	0.001	NA	NA
Lymphocytes^a, × 10⁹/L	140	16	0.41 (0.19–0.77)	0.01	0.28 (0.07–0.91)	0.053
LDH, U/L	132	24	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	0.66	0.99 (0.98–0.99)	0.046
C-reactive protein, mg/L	139	17	1.00 (1.00–1.01)	0.001	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	0.18
Ferritin, ng/mL	114	42	1.00 (1.00–1.01)	0.03	NA	NA
Fibrinogen, g/L	104	52	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.47	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.18
D-dimer, ng/mL	138	18	1.00 (1.00–1.01)	0.005	1.00 (1.00–1.01)	0.09
Severity group 3	156	0	5.74 (2.58–13.19)	0.001	3.38 (0.66–19.81)	0.15

Variables selected according to backward-forward stepwise selection AIC
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, RALE radiographic assessment of lung edema, LDH lactated dehydrogenase
^aAll laboratory findings are peak values except for lymphocytes which is the lowest value

ISSN: 1465-993X