Table 3 Statistical summary of biochemicals related to fatty acid β-oxidation and androgen metabolism
Biochemical name | Repeated measures ANOVA | Pearsons correlations (to baseline FeNO) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 FF/VI vs placebo | T2 FF/VI vs placebo | T3 FF/VI vs placebo | All participants | Females | Males | |
Fatty acid metabolism (acyl carnitine) | ||||||
Acetylcarnitine (C2) | 1 p = 0.876 q = 1 | 0.98 p = 0.411 q = 0.608 | 0.91 p = 0.204 q = 0.462 | − 0.1377 p = 0.163 q = 0.577 | − 0.4939 p = 0.001 q = 0.08 | 0.0648 p = 0.611 q = 0.999 |
Hexanoylcarnitine (C6) | 1 p = 0.984 q = 1 | 1.27 p = 0.517 q = 0.629 | 1.33 p = 0.112 q = 0.375 | − 0.2619 p = 0.007 q = 0.227 | − 0.4849 p = 0.002 q = 0.096 | − 0.0048 p = 0.97 q = 0.999 |
Octanoylcarnitine (C8) | 0.97 p = 0.831 q = 1 | 1.44 p = 0.532 q = 0.633 | 1.28 p = 0.340 q = 0.586 | − 0.2086 p = 0.034 q = 0.367 | − 0.4515 p = 0.004 q = 0.128 | 0.0438 p = 0.731 q = 0.999 |
Decanoylcarnitine (C10) | 1.03 p = 0.885 q = 1 | 1.37 p = 0.663 q = 0.665 | 1.34 p = 0.378 q = 0.611 | − 0.2389 p = 0.015 q = 0.264 | − 0.4661 p = 0.002 q = 0.112 | 0.0109 p = 0.932 q = 0.999 |
5-Dodecenoylcarnitine (C12:1) | 0.93 p = 0.634 q = 1 | 1.16 p = 0.9 q = 0.729 | 1.25 p = 0.193 q = 0.450 | − 0.2437 p = 0.013 q = 0.258 | − 0.443 p = 0.004 q = 0.138 | − 0.0447 p = 0.726 q = 0.999 |
Cis-4-decenoylcarnitine (C10:1) | 1.05 p = 0.858 q = 1 | 1.19 p = 0.732 q = 0.683 | 1.28 p = 0.221 q = 0.482 | − 0.2956 p = 0.002 q = 0.152 | − 0.4993 p = 0.001 q = 0.077 | − 0.1001 p = 0.431 q = 0.999 |
Laurylcarnitine (C12) | 1 p = 0.901 q = 1 | 1.21 p = 0.828 q = 0.713 | 1.11 p = 0.44 q = 0.645 | − 0.2088 p = 0.033 q = 0.367 | − 0.4183 p = 0.007 q = 0.172 | − 0.0021 p = 0.987 q = 0.999 |
Myristoylcarnitine (C14) | 0.93 p = 0.376 q = 1 | 1.04 p = 0.965 q = 0.745 | 1.05 p = 0.646 q = 0.721 | − 0.1784 p = 0.07 q = 0.458 | − 0.4132 p = 0.008 q = 0.172 | − 0.0096 p = 0.94 q = 0.999 |
Palmitoylcarnitine (C16) | 0.9 p = 0.104 q = 1 | 0.96 p = 0.698 q = 0.672 | 1.06 p = 0.373 q = 0.609 | − 0.0532 p = 0.592 q = 0.764 | − 0.337 p = 0.033 q = 0.282 | 0.1153 p = 0.364 q = 0.999 |
Palmitoleoylcarnitine (C16:1) | 0.94 p = 0.411 q = 1 | 1.04 p = 0.845 q = 0.719 | 1.14 p = 0.163 q = 0.418 | − 0.1618 p = 0.101 q = 0.513 | − 0.4426 p = 0.004 q = 0.138 | 0.0571 p = 0.654 q = 0.999 |
Stearoylcarnitine (C18) | 0.92 p = 0.142 q = 1 | 1 p = 0.97 q = 0.747 | 1.04 p = 0.483 q = 0.673 | − 0.0326 p = 0.742 q = 0.805 | − 0.0742 p = 0.649 q = 0.738 | 0.014 p = 0.912 q = 0.999 |
Linoleoylcarnitine (C18:2) | 0.95 p = 0.22 q = 1 | 1 p = 0.865 q = 0.725 | 1.03 p = 0.699 q = 0.742 | − 0.141 p = 0.153 q = 0.561 | − 0.3014 p = 0.059 q = 0.357 | − 0.0324 p = 0.799 q = 0.999 |
Linolenoylcarnitine (C18:3) | 1.07 p = 0.956 q = 1 | 0.97 p = 0.79 q = 0.7 | 0.93 p = 0.85 q = 0.781 | − 0.1397 p = 0.157 q = 0.568 | − 0.2658 p = 0.097 q = 0.402 | − 0.0294 p = 0.818 q = 0.999 |
Oleoylcarnitine (C18:1) | 0.94 p = 0.314 q = 1 | 0.99 p = 0.71 q = 0.675 | 1.03 p = 0.509 q = 0.68 | − 0.0856 p = 0.388 q = 0.699 | − 0.1733 p = 0.285 q = 0.567 | 0.0219 p = 0.864 q = 0.999 |
Myristoleoylcarnitine (C14:1) | 0.99 p = 0.673 q = 1 | 1.21 p = 0.798 q = 0.702 | 1.2 p = 0.228 q = 0.488 | − 0.1977 p = 0.044 q = 0.395 | − 0.3947 p = 0.012 q = 0.203 | 0.0086 p = 0.947 q = 0.999 |
Adipoylcarnitine (C6-DC) | 1.1 p = 0.517 q = 1 | 1 p = 0.905 q = 0.729 | 1.12 p = 0.256 q = 0.519 | − 0.0321 p = 0.746 q = 0.806 | − 0.3746 p = 0.017 q = 0.233 | 0.1402 p = 0.269 q = 0.999 |
Octadecanedioylcarnitine (C18-DC) | 1.03 p = 0.742 q = 1 | 1.05 p = 0.993 q = 0.748 | 1.16 p = 0.406 q = 0.632 | 0.0931 p = 0.347 q = 0.684 | − 0.0138 p = 0.932 q = 0.804 | 0.138 p = 0.277 q = 0.999 |
Octadecenedioylcarnitine (C18:1-DC) | 1.03 p = 0.85 q = 1 | 1.05 p = 0.859 q = 0.724 | 1.45 p = 0.056 q = 0.339 | − 0.0003 p = 0.998 q = 0.845 | − 0.1592 p = 0.327 q = 0.589 | 0.0433 p = 0.734 q = 0.999 |
Arachidoylcarnitine (C20) | 0.93 p = 0.263 q = 1 | 1.14 p = 0.253 q = 0.579 | 1.01 p = 0.773 q = 0.762 | 0.0771 p = 0.436 q = 0.717 | − 0.0044 p = 0.978 q = 0.814 | 0.1588 p = 0.21 q = 0.999 |
Arachidonoylcarnitine (C20:4) | 0.95 p = 0.587 q = 1 | 1.02 p = 0.781 q = 0.698 | 1 p = 0.996 q = 0.805 | 0.0524 p = 0.597 q = 0.764 | 0.0461 p = 0.778 q = 0.771 | 0.0656 p = 0.606 q = 0.999 |
Behenoylcarnitine (C22) | 1.19 p = 0.088 q = 1 | 1.1 p = 0.52 q = 0.629 | 1.13 p = 0.131 q = 0.391 | − 0.043 p = 0.664 q = 0.792 | 0.0041 p = 0.98 q = 0.814 | − 0.0477 p = 0.708 q = 0.999 |
Dihomo-linolenoylcarnitine (C20:3n3 or 6) | 0.94 p = 0.352 q = 1 | 0.99 p = 0.833 q = 0.714 | 0.97 p = 0.587 q = 0.702 | 0.0565 p = 0.569 q = 0.764 | 0.1763 p = 0.276 q = 0.566 | 0.0249 p = 0.845 q = 0.999 |
Dihomo-linoleoylcarnitine (C20:2) | 0.99 p = 0.891 q = 1 | 0.98 p = 0.467 q = 0.622 | 1 p = 0.828 q = 0.779 | − 0.0242 p = 0.808 q = 0.813 | − 0.0841 p = 0.606 q = 0.73 | 0.0695 p = 0.585 q = 0.999 |
Eicosenoylcarnitine (C20:1) | 1.01 p = 0.882 q = 1 | 1 p = 0.635 q = 0.657 | 1.12 p = 0.266 q = 0.526 | 0.0162 p = 0.87 q = 0.826 | − 0.0763 p = 0.64 q = 0.736 | 0.1067 p = 0.402 q = 0.999 |
Docosapentaenoylcarnitine (C22:5n3) | 0.79 p = 0.016 q = 1 | 0.9 p = 0.335 q = 0.584 | 0.87 p = 0.338 q = 0.585 | 0.1399 p = 0.157 q = 0.568 | 0.1823 p = 0.26 q = 0.556 | 0.1178 p = 0.354 q = 0.999 |
Lignoceroylcarnitine (C24) | 1.04 p = 0.865 q = 1 | 1.07 p = 0.571 q = 0.648 | 1.04 p = 0.566 q = 0.695 | 0.0719 p = 0.468 q = 0.727 | − 0.0944 p = 0.562 q = 0.713 | 0.1375 p = 0.279 q = 0.999 |
Margaroylcarnitine (C17) | 0.94 p = 0.584 q = 1 | 0.92 p = 0.443 q = 0.614 | 1.12 p = 0.425 q = 0.641 | − 0.026 p = 0.794 q = 0.813 | − 0.08 p = 0.624 q = 0.733 | 0.0388 p = 0.761 q = 0.999 |
Nervonoylcarnitine (C24:1) | 1.01 p = 0.65 q = 1 | 0.91 p = 0.123 q = 0.541 | 1.16 p = 0.184 q = 0.445 | 0.0577 p = 0.561 q = 0.764 | 0.0441 p = 0.787 q = 0.774 | 0.0467 p = 0.714 q = 0.999 |
Cerotoylcarnitine (C26) | 0.94 p = 0.119 q = 1 | 0.99 p = 0.896 q = 0.729 | 1.06 p = 0.998 q = 0.805 | 0.1332 p = 0.178 q = 0.585 | 0.0706 p = 0.665 q = 0.741 | 0.1323 p = 0.298 q = 0.999 |
Ximenoylcarnitine (C26:1) | 0.98 p = 0.512 q = 1 | 0.95 p = 0.326 q = 0.579 | 1.05 p = 0.934 q = 0.791 | 0.1639 p = 0.097 q = 0.513 | 0.1276 p = 0.433 q = 0.649 | 0.1268 p = 0.318 q = 0.999 |
Androgenic steroids | ||||||
11-Ketoetiocholanolone glucuronide | 0.75 p = 0.136 q = 1 | 0.85 p = 0.328 q = 0.579 | 0.92 p = 0.622 q = 0.71 | − 0.1919 p = 0.051 q = 0.421 | − 0.2557 p = 0.111 q = 0.42 | − 0.1005 p = 0.429 q = 0.999 |
Dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) | 0.95 p = 0.234 q = 1 | 0.96 p = 0.274 q = 0.579 | 0.96 p = 0.388 q = 0.617 | − 0.1328 p = 0.179 q = 0.587 | 0.0812 p = 0.619 q = 0.733 | − 0.2205 p = 0.08 q = 0.857 |
16alpha-Hydroxy DHEA 3-sulfate | 1.03 p = 0.999 q = 1 | 0.90 p = 0.462 q = 0.622 | 1.12 p = 0.086 q = 0.347 | − 0.0825 p = 0.405 q = 0.703 | 0.0506 p = 0.757 q = 0.763 | − 0.0532 p = 0.676 q = 0.999 |
Androsterone glucuronide | 0.95 p = 0.677 q = 1 | 0.95 p = 0.414 q = 0.608 | 1 p = 0.874 q = 0.786 | − 0.2311 p = 0.018 q = 0.285 | − 0.0477 p = 0.77 q = 0.767 | − 0.2862 p = 0.022 q = 0.757 |
Epiandrosterone sulfate | 1.01 p = 0.778 q = 1 | 1 p = 0.842 q = 0.719 | 1.01 p = 0.747 q = 0.752 | − 0.149 p = 0.131 q = 0.546 | 0.0701 p = 0.667 q = 0.742 | − 0.246 p = 0.05 q = 0.795 |
Androsterone sulfate | 0.99 p = 0.949 q = 1 | 0.97 p = 0.866 q = 0.726 | 1.07 p = 0.601 q = 0.705 | − 0.2195 p = 0.025 q = 0.328 | − 0.1197 p = 0.462 q = 0.671 | − 0.2444 p = 0.052 q = 0.795 |
Etiocholanolone glucuronide | 0.89 p = 0.197 q = 1 | 0.90 p = 0.168 q = 0.568 | 0.97 p = 0.623 q = 0.71 | − 0.1111 p = 0.262 q = 0.652 | − 0.0016 p = 0.992 q = 0.815 | − 0.1139 p = 0.37 q = 0.999 |
5alpha-Androstan-3alpha,17alpha-diol monosulfate | 0.96 p = 0.954 q = 1 | 0.84 p = 0.09 q = 0.541 | 1.02 p = 0.837 q = 0.781 | − 0.2525 p = 0.01 q = 0.249 | − 0.1143 p = 0.483 q = 0.676 | − 0.3115 p = 0.012 q = 0.757 |
Androstene-3beta,17beta-diol monosulfate (1) | 0.96 p = 0.344 q = 1 | 0.98 p = 0.877 q = 0.727 | 0.77 p = 0.188 q = 0.446 | 0.0214 p = 0.829 q = 0.818 | 0.0915 p = 0.574 q = 0.717 | − 0.0004 p = 0.997 q = 1 |
Androstene-3beta,17beta-diol monosulfate (2) | 1 p = 0.547 q = 1 | 0.98 p = 0.586 q = 0.652 | 0.93 p = 0.165 q = 0.42 | − 0.1562 p = 0.113 q = 0.521 | 0.1053 p = 0.518 q = 0.693 | − 0.2576 p = 0.04 q = 0.757 |
Androstene-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate (1) | 0.95 p = 0.116 q = 1 | 0.99 p = 0.409 q = 0.608 | 0.93 p = 0.086 q = 0.347 | − 0.0733 p = 0.46 q = 0.726 | 0.0532 p = 0.745 q = 0.762 | − 0.0828 p = 0.516 q = 0.999 |
Androstene-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate (2) | 0.97 p = 0.72 q = 1 | 0.95 p = 0.101 q = 0.541 | 0.96 p = 0.375 q = 0.609 | − 0.2215 p = 0.024 q = 0.323 | − 0.211 p = 0.191 q = 0.501 | − 0.2386 p = 0.058 q = 0.823 |
Androstene-3alpha,17alpha-diol monosulfate (2) | 0.99 p = 0.237 q = 1 | 1 p = 0.995 q = 0.748 | 0.93 p = 0.995 q = 0.805 | − 0.1628 p = 0.099 q = 0.513 | − 0.2825 p = 0.077 q = 0.378 | − 0.0132 p = 0.918 q = 0.999 |
Androstene-3alpha,17alpha-diol monosulfate (3) | 0.92 p = 0.205 q = 1 | 0.92 p = 0.181 q = 0.573 | 1.03 p = 0.659 q = 0.725 | − 0.2438 p = 0.013 q = 0.258 | − 0.2186 p = 0.175 q = 0.487 | − 0.2559 p = 0.041 q = 0.761 |
5alpha-Androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol monosulfate (1) | 0.99 p = 0.764 q = 1 | 1 p = 0.798 q = 0.702 | 0.78 p = 0.338 q = 0.585 | 0.0101 p = 0.919 q = 0.829 | 0.0504 p = 0.757 q = 0.763 | 0.0228 p = 0.858 q = 0.999 |
5alpha-Androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol monosulfate (2) | 1.02 p = 0.694 q = 1 | 0.93 p = 0.266 q = 0.579 | 1 p = 0.588 q = 0.702 | − 0.2519 p = 0.01 q = 0.249 | − 0.2998 p = 0.06 q = 0.357 | − 0.2942 p = 0.018 q = 0.757 |
5alpha-Androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol disulfate | 0.96 p = 0.717 q = 1 | 0.91 p = 0.119 q = 0.541 | 0.95 p = 0.817 q = 0.774 | − 0.1641 p = 0.096 q = 0.513 | − 0.2164 p = 0.18 q = 0.493 | − 0.1234 p = 0.331 q = 0.999 |
5alpha-Androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol 17-glucuronide | 1.11 p = 0.316 q = 1 | 0.99 p = 0.807 q = 0.704 | 0.8 p = 0.505 q = 0.68 | 0.0211 p = 0.832 q = 0.818 | 0.2534 p = 0.115 q = 0.422 | − 0.0797 p = 0.532 q = 0.999 |
5alpha-Androstan-3beta,17beta-diol monosulfate (2) | 1.04 p = 0.574 q = 1 | 1 p = 0.862 q = 0.724 | 0.76 p = 0.239 q = 0.499 | 0.0292 p = 0.769 q = 0.806 | 0.125 p = 0.442 q = 0.656 | 0.0059 p = 0.963 q = 0.999 |
5alpha-Androstan-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate | 0.99 p = 0.605 q = 1 | 1.03 p = 0.645 q = 0.66 | 1.01 p = 0.216 q = 0.477 | − 0.0349 p = 0.725 q = 0.8 | 0.1332 p = 0.412 q = 0.636 | –0.0985 p = 0.439 q = 0.999 |
5alpha-Androstan-3beta,17alpha-diol disulfate | 1.02 p = 0.268 q = 1 | 1.05 p = 0.754 q = 0.693 | 0.94 p = 0.602 q = 0.705 | − 0.1619 p = 0.101 q = 0.513 | − 0.1672 p = 0.302 q = 0.579 | − 0.1301 p = 0.305 q = 0.999 |
Andro steroid monosulfate C19H28O6S (1) | 0.99 p = 0.915 q = 1 | 0.95 p = 0.457 q = 0.622 | 1.08 p = 0.196 q = 0.455 | − 0.0956 p = 0.335 q = 0.679 | 0.0734 p = 0.653 q = 0.738 | –0.0975 p = 0.444 q = 0.999 |