Fig. 3From: Cigarette smoke exposed airway epithelial cell-derived EVs promote pro-inflammatory macrophage activation in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiencyInduction of ER stress and NF-κB inflammatory pathway in AATD macrophages in response to cigarette smoke. A Comparison of the mRNA expression levels of XBP-1, CHOP, ATF 4, and BiP in normal and AATD macrophages exposed to air or cigarette. B Western blot analysis of 4 different normal and AATD macrophages incubated with control or CS exposed showing activation of NF-κB pathway in AATD macrophages after CS exposure. C Bar graphs showing the results of quantification and normalization of band intensities, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ****p < 0.00005Back to article page