Table 1 Baseline characteristics and clinical features of the asthmatics
From: Peripheral blood transcriptomic clusters uncovered immune phenotypes of asthma
|  | Cluster 1 (n = 21) | Cluster 2 (n = 11) | Cluster 3 (n = 15) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 57.0 (8.5) | 53.6 (6.9) | 61.1 (7.4) | 0.061 |
Female, n (%) | 13 (61.9) | 7 (63.6) | 9 (60.0) | 0.982 |
BMI, mean (SD) | 24.1 (3.1) | 24.0 (3.8) | 24.5 (4.4) | 0.947 |
Smoking, n (%) | 5 (23.8) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (33.3) | 0.113 |
PY ≥ 10, n (%) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (26.7) | 0.047 |
Severe asthma (%) | 6 (28.6) | 5 (45.5) | 11 (73.3) | 0.029 |
Levels of asthma control | ||||
 Day symptom, n (%) | 8 (38.1) | 5 (45.5) | 10 (66.7) | 0.231 |
 Limit of activity, n (%) | 5 (23.8) | 3 (27.3) | 11 (73.3) | 0.007 |
 Night symptom, n (%) | 5 (23.8) | 4 (36.4) | 7 (46.7) | 0.355 |
 SABA use for symptom control, n (%) | 6 (28.6) | 4 (36.4) | 7 (46.7) | 0.538 |
 Acute exacerbation ≥ 2/year, n (%) | 5 (23.8) | 4 (36.4) | 6 (40.0) | 0.553 |
ACQ-7 score > 1.5, n (%) | 6 (28.6) | 3 (27.3) | 8 (53.3) | 0.245 |
ACT score < 20, n (%) | 4 (19.0) | 2 (18.2) | 10 (66.7) | 0.005 |
ICS dose | ||||
 High-dose, n (%) | 1 (4.8) | 2 (18.2) | 4 (26.7) | 0.180 |
 Medium-dose, n (%) | 5 (23.8) | 6 (54.5) | 8 (53.3) | 0.113 |
 Low-dose, n (%) | 11 (52.4) | 2 (18.2) | 3 (20.0) | 0.058 |
 No ICS, n (%) | 4 (19.0) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 0.185 |
Oral steroid, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.7) | 0.336 |
LABA, n (%) | 16 (76.2) | 10 (90.9) | 15 (100.0) | 0.099 |
LAMA, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (26.7) | 0.009 |
LTRA, n (%) | 13 (61.9) | 8 (72.7) | 7 (46.7) | 0.392 |
Theophylline, n (%) | 3 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (20.0) | 0.308 |
Omalizumab, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (6.7) | 0.136 |
Macrolide, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (13.3) | 0.108 |
Lung function | ||||
 FVC mL, mean (SD) | 3,150 (730) | 2,954 (940) | 2,763 (581) | 0.310 |
 FVC %, mean (SD) | 99 (16) | 85 (15) | 91 (16) | 0.073 |
 FEV1 mL, mean (SD) | 2,382 (601) | 2,110 (830) | 1,936 (393) | 0.100 |
 FEV1%, mean (SD) | 92 (18) | 75 (23) | 73 (11) | 0.003 |
 FEV1% < 80%, n (%)a | 5 (23.8) | 6 (54.5) | 9 (60.0) |  < 0.001 |
 FEV1 /FVC %, mean (SD) | 75 (6) | 70 (13) | 70 (9) | 0.139 |
 FEF25-75%, mean (SD) | 68 (20) | 54 (28) | 43 (8) | 0.001 |
FeNO ppb, mean (SD) | 58 (54) | 37 (23) | 80 (20) | 0.030 |
Blood | ||||
 IL-4, pg/mL, mean (SD) | 111.5 (108.1) | 72.5 (38.9) | 83.7 (67.2) | 0.405 |
 IL-5, pg/mL, mean (SD) | 10.9 (7.0) | 7.8 (3.6) | 4.8 (4.1) | 0.008 |
 IL-13, pg/mL, mean (SD) | 5.0 (3.5) | 3.6 (2.3) | 2.2 (2.5) | 0.027 |
 Periostin, ng/mL, mean (SD) | 53,644 (8943) | 45,486 (13,949) | 52,063 (13,706) | 0.183 |
 Interferon-γ, pg/mL, mean (SD) | 19.7 (12.6) | 17.5 (7.5) | 17.0 (9.4) | 0.714 |
 White blood cell/uL, mean (SD) | 6,607 (1804) | 7,273 (1873) | 7,239 (2827) | 0.608 |
 Eosinophil %, mean (SD) | 4.6 (3.7) | 2.8 (2.8) | 5.9 (4.9) | 0.152 |
 Eosinophil/uL, mean (SD) | 314 (293) | 195 (182) | 421 (339) | 0.153 |
 Total IgE, IU/mL, mean (SD) | 361 (291) | 768 (659) | 311 (201) | 0.009 |
 Vitamin D, ng/mL, mean (SD) | 20.2 (8.8) | 19.5 (8.2) | 19.7 (12.4) | 0.980 |
Sputum | ||||
 Eosinophil %, mean (SD) | 15.7 (17.5) | 9.1 (3.8) | 20.1 (12.4) | 0.146 |
 Neutrophil %, mean (SD) | 0.7 (1.3) | 16.0 (0.9) | 6.0 (3.9) |  < 0.001 |
 Macrophage %, mean (SD) | 63.9 (24.7) | 74.3 (4.9) | 56.1 (11.9) | 0.051 |