Table 3 Top pathways associated with the DEGs upon cigarette smoke exposure

1 h upregulated

DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

GO:0001228

Gene ontology

2.42E−09

Positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process

GO:0010604

Gene ontology

7.73E−08

Positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process

GO:0051173

Gene ontology

2.84E−07

Response to hydrogen peroxide

GO:0042542

Gene ontology

4.12E−06

Response to organic cyclic compound

GO:0014070

Gene ontology

6.88E−06

Positive regulation of apoptotic process

GO:0043065

Gene ontology

8.93E−06

4 h upregulated

Response to arsenic-containing substance

GO:0046685

Gene ontology

1.96E−07

Positive regulation of cell death

GO:0010942

Gene ontology

3.92E−05

Unsaturated fatty acid metabolic process

GO:0033559

Gene ontology

5.97E−05

Oxidative Stress

WP408

WikiPathways

1.77E−07

NRF2 pathway

WP2884

WikiPathways

3.44E−06

Glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

GO:0004357

Gene ontology

2.04E−04

24 h upregulated

Nuclear Receptors Meta-Pathway

WP2882

WikiPathways

7.85E−06

NRF2 pathway

WP2884

WikiPathways

1.86E−05

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway

WP2873

WikiPathways

5.17E−05

Ferroptosis

KEGG:04216

KEGG

3.31E−05

Iron ion binding

GO:0005506

Gene ontology

2.73E−05

Oxidoreductase activity

GO:0016491

Gene ontology

1.11E−04

4 h downregulated

Sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding

GO:1990,837

Gene ontology

5.99E−06

Positive regulation of RNA metabolic process

GO:0051254

Gene ontology

8.11E−05

Positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription

GO:1903508

Gene ontology

1.08E−04

24 h downregulated

F-box domain binding

GO:1990444

Gene ontology

3.30E−02

Mitochondrion-derived vesicle

GO:0099073

Gene ontology

3.06E−02