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Table 3 HRU and costs associated with COPD exacerbations over the observation period (N = 37,400)

From: Treatment patterns and cost of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using multiple inhaler triple therapy in South Korea

 

Moderate COPD exacerbations

Severe COPD exacerbations

Total (moderate and severe) COPD exacerbations

HRU

Total visits

 ≥ 1 visit, n (%)

N/A

14,731 (39.4)

28,760 (76.9)

 Number of visits, mean (SD)

N/A

2.0 (6.2)

6.6 (13.2)

 Number of visits, PPPY (95% CI)

N/A

0.77 (0.75–0.78)

2.49 (2.46–2.53)

Outpatient visits

 ≥ 1 visit, n (%)

25,850 (69.1)

6944 (18.6)

25,850 (69.1)

 Number of visits, mean (SD)

4.6 (10.0)

0.5 (3.0)

5.1 (11.9)

 Number of visits, PPPY (95% CI)

1.75 (1.72–1.77)

0.21 (0.20–0.21)

1.95 (1.92–1.98)

ER visits

 ≥ 1 visit, n (%)

N/A

8855 (23.7)

8855 (23.7)

 Number of visits, mean (SD)

N/A

0.5 (1.9)

0.5 (1.9)

 Number of visits, PPPY (95% CI)

N/A

0.19 (0.18–0.19)

0.19 (0.18–0.19)

Hospitalization visits

 ≥ 1 visit, n (%)

N/A

14,490 (38.7)

14,490 (38.7)

 Number of visits, mean (SD)

N/A

1.4 (3.8)

1.4 (3.8)

 Number of visits, PPPY (95% CI)

N/A

0.54 (0.53–0.55)

0.54 (0.53–0.55)

 Average duration of hospitalization, days, mean (SD)

N/A

13.4 (10.9)

13.4 (10.9)

Costs (USD)

Total healthcare costs, mean (SD)

463 (1,196)

5125 (15,055)

5588 (13,435)

Medical services costs, mean (SD)

209 (909)

5008 (14,074)

5217 (14,410)

 Outpatient costs

209 (909)

101 (3803)

310 (4482)

 ER costs

N/A

1445 (4754)

1445 (4754)

 Hospitalization costs

N/A

3462 (9,323)

3462 (9323)

Pharmacy costs, mean (SD)

254 (596)

117 (2347)

371 (2493)

Total healthcare costs, PPPY, mean (SD)

173 (451)

1920 (5827)

2093 (6010)

Medical services costs, PPPY, mean (SD)

77 (355)

1882 (5434)

1958 (5568)

 Outpatient costs

77 (355)

38 (1517)

115 (1776)

 ER costs

N/A

547 (1910)

547 (1910)

 Hospitalization costs

N/A

1296 (3494)

1296 (3494)

Pharmacy costs, PPPY, mean (SD)

96 (211)

38 (950)

134 (998)

  1. CI: confidence interval; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ER: emergency room; HRU: healthcare resource utilization; KRW: South Korean Won; N/A: not assessed; PPPM: per person per month; PPPY: per person per year; SD: standard deviation; USD: United States Dollar
  2. The observation period comprised the time from index date until end of data availability; the mean observation period was 960.5 days (Table 2). Moderate exacerbation-related HRU and costs were defined as an HRU event or cost associated with an outpatient visit with a diagnosis of COPD and at least one dispensing for a systemic corticosteroid (intramuscular, intravenous, or oral) or antibiotic within seven days following the encounter. Severe exacerbation-related HRU and costs were defined as an HRU or cost associated with an inpatient hospital stay or ER visit with a diagnosis of COPD. Costs in KRW were indexed to 2016, and converted to USD using the average 2020 exchange rate of 0.0008 USD/KRW. PPPY costs were estimated by multiplying PPPM costs by 12
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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