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Table 4 Random-effects model statistics: p-values for ANOVA tests (used to assess the effect of comparison group), p-values for Cochran’s Q tests and Higgins’ \(I^2\) statistics (both used to assess heterogeneity)

From: The respiratory microbiota alpha-diversity in chronic lung diseases: first systematic review and meta-analysis

Alpha-diversity index

Disease

Sample type

ANOVA p-value

Cochran’s Q p-value

\(I^2\) statistic

Shannon

Asthma

BAL

0.81

0.01

\(85\%\)

  

Sputum (induced)

0.98

\(< 0.01\)

\(92\%\)

  

UA

\(<0.01\)

\(92\%\)

  

All

0.94

\(< 0.01\)

\(87\%\)

 

COPD

BAL

0.02

\(80\%\)

  

All

0.59

\(< 0.01\)

\(87 \%\)

 

CF

Sputum

0.04

0.07

\(70\%\)

  

All

\(<0.01\)

0.16

\(48 \%\)

 

NCFB

 

 

All

 

0.82

\(< 0.01\)

\(86\%\)

Chao1

Asthma

UA

0.03

\(78\%\)

  

All

0.24

0.03

\(65 \%\)

 

COPD

 

 

CF

 

 

NCFB

 

 

All

 

0.09

\(<0.01\)

\(68 \%\)

Simpson

Asthma

All

0.99

0.06

\(71\%\)

 

COPD

 

 

CF

 

 

NCFB

 

 

All

 

0.45

0.02

\(59 \%\)

  1. A line indicates that the test could not be performed (since only one comparison group, in the case of ANOVA, or insufficient number of studies, in the case of heterogeneity statistics)