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Table 2 Multiple linear regression analyses of ASCVD risk

From: Sarcopenia is associated with cardiovascular risk in men with COPD, independent of adiposity

Variables

All

Mild airflow limitationd

Moderate to very severe airflow limitatione

Estimated

SE

P-value

Estimated

SE

P-value

Estimated

SE

P-value

Age, years

0.78

0.03

< 0.001

0.93

0.04

< 0.001

0.71

0.03

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m2

− 0.01

− 0.23

0.816

0.01

0.25

0.805

− 0.01

− 0.46

0.647

Fat mass index, kg/m2*

0.01

0.08

0.939

0.01

0.27

0.790

− 0.01

− 0.37

0.710

Central obesitya

− 0.01

− 0.43

0.670

0.03

1.08

0.281

− 0.04

− 1.43

0.155

Current smoking

3.19

0.54

< 0.001

4.40

0.80

< 0.001

2.61

0.70

< 0.001

Regular exerciseb

− 0.03

− 1.49

0.136

− 0.02

− 0.49

0.627

− 0.04

− 1.43

0.153

Hypertension

5.29

0.53

< 0.001

6.16

0.77

< 0.001

4.78

0.71

< 0.001

Diabetes mellitus

9.02

0.68

< 0.001

9.83

1.03

< 0.001

7.94

0.89

< 0.001

Hyper-LDL cholesterolemia

0.02

0.71

0.482

2.50

1.20

0.037

− 0.02

− 0.82

0.416

Hypo-HDL cholesterolemia

2.70

0.53

< 0.001

2.65

0.76

0.001

3.25

0.73

< 0.001

FEV1, L

0.01

0.15

0.885

0.01

− 0.01

0.627

0.03

0.83

0.405

Sarcopeniac

3.63

0.77

< 0.001

2.63

1.16

0.025

4.29

1.02

< 0.001

  1. BMI, body mass index; FMI, fat mass index; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; SE standard error
  2. *Fat mass index was calculated by dividing each participant’s fat mass (kg) by square of height (m) (kg/m2)
  3. aCentral obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in men
  4. bRegular exercise was defined as > 20 min per session, at least 3 times per week (n = 702)
  5. cSarcopenia was defined as sarcopenia index < 0.774
  6. dFEV1 ≥ 80% of predicted value
  7. eFEV1 < 80% of predicted value