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Table 1 PFTs, 6MWT, echocardiography and laboratory findings at 12 months follow up and according to dyspnea on exertion

From: Diaphragm dysfunction as a potential determinant of dyspnea on exertion in patients 1 year after COVID-19-related ARDS

 

COVID 19 patients (n = 10)

No/mild dyspnea (n = 4)

Moderate dyspnea (n = 4)

Severe dyspnea (n = 2)

p-value*

Pulmonary function and ABGs

 TLC, % of predicted

100.44 ± 10.83

101.58 ± 9.74

104.03 ± 13.28

91.00 ± 2.69

n.s

 VC, % of predicted

96.15 ± 9.99

97.20 ± 9.08

100.08 ± 11.22

86.20 ± 2.97

n.s

 RV, % of predicted

97.15 ± 42.72

114.25 ± 52.09

98.35 ± 22.51

60.55 ± 53.95

n.s

 RV/TLC, % of predicted

105.64 ± 17.21

105.08 ± 17.31

104.43 ± 21.73

109.20 ± 17.82

n.s

 FEV1, % of predicted

96.20 ± 13.08

98.95 ± 12.84

98.63 ± 15.99

85.85 ± 3.18

n.s

 FEV1/FVC, %

79.98 ± 10.40

79.60 ± 5.70

79.71 ± 16.29

81.25 ± 8.75

n.s

 Reff, % of predicted

91.41 ± 20.09

98.85 ± 12.77

87.98 ± 24.47

83.40 ± 30.83

n.s

 DLCO/VA, % predicted

74.74 ± 18.31

86.00 ± 14.16

65.13 ± 19.68

68.30 ± 12.50

n.s

 PaO2, mmHg

76.90 ± 16.08

66.88 ± 8.50

77.73 ± 9.11

75.25 ± 32.17

n.s

 PaCO2, mmHg

35.15 ± 5.21

40.08 ± 3.93

32.85 ± 3.22

39.75 ± 6.43

n.s

 pH

7.43 ± 0.07

7.41 ± 0.03

7.46 ± 0.07

7.38 ± 0.04

n.s

 Base excess, mmol/l

− 0.52 ± 2.32

0.73 ± 1.07

0.23 ± 2.56

− 2.00 ± 0.99

n.s

6MWT

 Distance, m

471.90 ± 118.53

553.50 ± 58.95

468.75 ± 54.37

315 ± 176.78

0.04

 SpO2 after exercise, %

94.67 ± 1.75

94.00 ± 0.82

94.00 ± 1.20

98.00 ± 1.89

n.s

Echocardiography

 LVEF > 50%, n (%)

10 (100)

4 (100)

4 (100)

2 (100)

n.s

 LVEDD, mm

49.00 ± 2.34

44.25 ± 4.92

50.00 ± 2.94

49.00 ± 0.00

n.s

 IVSD, mm

11.0 ± 1.79

10.25 ± 1.71

11.25 ± 2.22

10.50 ± 0.71

n.s

 Left atrial area, cm2

20.20 ± 3.83

18.00 ± 3.56

19.67 ± 3.51

21.00 ± 5.66

n.s

 TAPSE ≥ 18 mm, n (%)

10 (100)

4 (100)

4 (100)

2 (100)

n.s

 Right atrial area, cm2

10 (100)

4 (100)

4 (100)

2 (100)

n.s

Hematology

 White blood cells, 1/nL

6.67 ± 1.13

6.03 ± 0.50

7.40 ± 1.41

6.50 ± 0.99

n.s

 Hemoglobin, g/dL

14.47 ± 1.77

14.80 ± 1.21

14.87 ± 2.05

13.00 ± 2.40

n.s

 Platelets, 1/nL

237.90 ± 53.71

233.75 ± 54.73

252.25 ± 58.73

217.50 ± 70.00

n.s

 Lymphocytes, %

27.41 ± 9.67

31.40 ± 8.52

25.85 ± 12.61

22.55 ± 5.16

n.s

Coagulation

 D-dimer, ng/mL

486 ± 301

344 ± 273

541 ± 371

552.00 ± 295

n.s

Clinical chemistry

 LDH, U/L

184 ± 18

190 ± 32

179 ± 11

183 ± 11

n.s

 CK, U/L

96.67 ± 41.40

122.00 ± 62.45

93.00 ± 24.25

66.00 ± 16.97

n.s

 hs-Troponin T, pg/mL

13.75 ± 7.48

12.50 ± 6.36

11.50 ± 3.70

19.50 ± 14.85

n.s

 Creatinine, mg/dL

1.11 ± 0.25

1.00 ± 0.18

1.12 ± 0.34

1.25 ± 0.21

n.s

 CRP, mg/L

3.53 ± 5.38

0.90 ± 0.36

4.98 ± 7.44

4.60 ± 5.80

n.s

 PCT, ng/mL

0.08 ± 0.14

0.01 ± 0.00

0.06 ± 0.04

0.24 ± 0.29

n.s

Cytokines

 IL-6, pg/mL

3.68 ± 3.46

1.53 ± 0.23

4.41 ± 4.37

5.46 ± 4.04

n.s

  1. Bold indicates p value < 0.05
  2. Values are mean ± standard deviation or number of patients (percentage). *ANOVA
  3. ABGs arterial blood gases, BP blood pressure, CK creatine kinase, CRP C-reactive protein, DLCO diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, IVSD inter-ventricular septal thickness in diastole, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, 6MWT six-min walk test, PaCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaO2 partial pressure of oxygen, PCT procalcitonin, PFTs pulmonary function tests, Reff effective specific resistance, RV residual volume, SpO2 oxygen saturation, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, TLC total lung capacity, VA alveolar volume, VC vital capacity, hs-Troponin-T high sensitive troponin-T IL-6 interleukin-6, LDH lactate dehydrogenase
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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