Fig. 5

Nasal transcriptomics to predict PARDS duration. A Principal component plot of the nasal transcriptomes of the first specimens from PARDS subjects showing consistent classification. B A scatter plot of these PARDS subjects comparing PARDS duration to number of days with invasive mechanical ventilation. Many PARDS subjects remained intubated despite PARDS resolution. C PARDS duration tended to be longer in subjects with initial Transcriptomic Subgroup B or D assignment (Kruskal–Wallis p = 0.1). D Subjects with either Subgroup B or D initially had a median of 7-days longer PARDS duration. Comparison by Kruskal–Wallis shown on plot. E In comparing test characteristics for serum biomarkers vs. nasal transcriptomic subgroup to predict continued PARDS at 3 to 10 days, initial sensitivity and negative predictive value were high but diminished over time whereas for serum biomarkers, the reverse was true. TNFα is shown for illustrative purposes. Predictive comparisons for the other fourteen serum biomarkers can seen in Additional file 10: Fig. S9