Fig. 3

Nasal transcriptomic classification in PARDS subjects. A Nasal transcriptomic data from 39 PARDS subjects were clustered by k-means identifying four subgroups, Nasal Transcriptomic Subgroups A, B, C, and D. The eight rows are summarized values for the eight modules indicated by dataset analysis (Additional file 4: Fig. S3). B Principal component analysis showed clustering of these four subgroups in both Principal Component 1 (PC1) which largely corresponded to epithelial cell function and PC2 which largely corresponded to inflammation. C Venn diagram summarizing the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs, fold change ≥ 2, adjusted p-value ≤ 0.1) for specimens in each Subgroup compared to specimens not in that Subgroup. D Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for each of these comparisons showed an increase in cilia-related genes in Subgroup C, E a reduction in chemokine and cytokine signaling in Subgroup C, F increased innate immune signaling in Subgroup B, increased interleukin-4 and 13 signaling in Subgroup A, and increased epithelialization-related processes in Subgroup D