Fig. 5

BGF treatment decreases NFκB phosphorylation and subsequent proinflammatory cytokine expression in lung epithelial cells. A549 cells were cultured until they reached ~ 90% confluence and treated with TNFα (10 ng/mL) or vehicle and with BGF or vehicle control for 3 h. Then, the cells were harvested and further analyzed. A Representative immunoblotting of phospho-NFκB p65, total NFκB p65 and GAPDH and the relative quantification (n = 3 biologically independent replicates) in A549 cells from all the experimental groups. Blotting images were cropped between 75 and 50 kDa for phospho-NFκB p65 and total NFκB p65, and between 37 and 25 kDa for GAPDH (B) Relative mRNA expression levels of TNFα, CXCL1, CXCL2, IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL2 in A549 cells from all the experimental groups. The data are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. (standard error of mean). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test was used for all figures