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Fig. 1 | Respiratory Research

Fig. 1

From: Budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate triple therapy prevents pulmonary hypertension in a COPD mouse model via NFκB inactivation

Fig. 1

BGF and GF treatments protect against lung inflammation 24 h after elastase instillation. A Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for the inflammatory phase. BALB/c mice were treated with drug combinations or vehicle as a control 15 min prior to intratracheal elastase instillation and sacrificed after 24 h. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or lung tissue was collected at termination. BD Cytological analysis of BAL fluid from all the experimental groups, including total cell count (B), neutrophil percentage (C) and macrophage percentage (D). E Relative mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and CXCL2 in lung tissue 24 h after elastase or PBS instillation. n = 3–9 mice per group for (BD) and n = 3 per group for (E). The data are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. (standard error of the mean). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test was used for all figures. *, p < 0.05 compared with the PBS/Vehicle group, #, p < 0.05 compared with the PBS/Elastase group. B, budesonide; G, glycopyrronium; F, formoterol; BF, budesonide and formoterol; GF, glycopyrronium and formoterol; BGF, budesonide, glycopyrronium and formoterol

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