Fig. 3
From: Serum antioxidant vitamins and respiratory morbidity and mortality: a pooled analysis
Serum 25-OHD and respiratory mortality by smoking. Forest plots for the associations between lower serum 25-OHD and respiratory mortality by smoking [NHANES III (1988–1994), continuous NHANES (1999–2006), and pooled estimates]. The models were adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, educational attainment, use of any vitamin supplements in the previous month, cigarette smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke, pack-years of cigarette smoking, BMI, alcohol consumption, caloric intake, general health status, season of blood collection, and survey cycle (only continuous NHANES). Pinteraction for 25-OHD*smoking < 0.01