Skip to main content

Table 2 Association between degree of lung function impairment and all-cause mortality by type of FEV1 predicted

From: Impaired lung function and mortality in Eastern Europe: results from multi-centre cohort study

Type of groups

No. of persons

No. of deaths

Person-years of follow-up

Deaths per 100 person-years (95% CI)

Model 1 adjusted HR (95% CI)

Model 2 Adjusted HR (95% CI)

FEV1% predicted impairment groups (NHANES)*

 Normal

20,506

3632

267,620

1.36 (1.31–1.40)

1.00

1.00

 Mild

2452

700

31,350

2.23 (2.07–2.40)

1.55 (1.43–1.68)

1.25 (1.15–1.37)

 Moderate

1068

394

12,879

3.06 (2.77–3.38)

2.01 (1.80–2.24)

1.51 (1.35–1.69)

 Moderate-severe

487

219

5465

4.01 (3.51–4.57)

2.51 (2.17–2.91)

1.82 (1.58–2.11)

 Severe

342

163

3814

4.27 (3.67–4.98)

2.55 (2.16–3.02)

1.82 (1.54–2.15)

 Very severe

104

69

961

7.18 (5.67–9.09)

4.44 (3.36–5.87)

3.35 (2.62–4.27)

FEV1 impairment groups (Z-score)§

 Normal

21,864

4045

284,792

1.42 (1.38–1.46)

1.00

1.00

 Mild

1052

315

13,302

2.37 (2.12–2.64)

1.65 (1.47–1.85)

1.27 (1.13–1.43)

 Moderate

923

310

11,284

2.75 (2.45–3.07)

1.83 (1.63–2.06)

1.41 (1.25–1.59)

 Moderate-severe

523

226

6002

3.77 (3.30–4.29)

2.48 (2.16–2.86)

1.81 (1.57–2.09)

 Severe

471

214

5367

3.99 (3.49–4.56)

2.55 (2.20–2.95)

1.87 (1.62–2.16)

 Very severe

126

67

1342

4.99 (3.93–6.35)

4.50 (3.45–5.86)

3.42 (2.67–4.37)

  1. FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio
  2. *Sex-specific predicted values of FEV1 (FEV1%) standardized for age and height based on NHANES III equations
  3. §The reference values from the GLI 2012 z-score with threshold point below lower limit of normal (− 1.645)
  4. Adjusted for age, sex and country
  5. Adjusted for age, sex, occupation and education; alcohol consumption, smoking status, level of physical activity and body mass index; history of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke