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Table 4 Association between selected comorbidities (at enrolment) and mortality

From: Comorbidity burden and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the EMPIRE registry study

Comorbidity

HR

(95% CI)

P-valuea

Adjusted HR

(95% CI)b

P-valuea

Cardiovascular

1.41 (1.08;1.844)

0.012

1.07 (0.794;1.437)

0.664

 Arterial hypertension

1.29 (0.98;1.694)

0.068

0.96 (0.705;1.294)

0.766

 Coronary heart disease

1.58 (1.18;2.116)

0.002

0.98 (0.695;1.387)

0.915

 Pulmonary hypertension

2.88 (2.11;3.929)

 < 0.001

1.93 (1.365;2.726)

 < 0.001

 Arrhythmias

1.50 (1.07;2.099)

0.017

1.16 (0.754;1.772)

0.506

 Heart attack

1.69 (1.17;2.458)

0.005

1.19 (0.760;1.850)

0.453

 Embolism

1.43 (0.94;2.174)

0.092

1.12 (0.683;1.851)

0.646

 Stroke

1.43 (0.92;2.223)

0.113

2.17 (1.485;3.158)

 < 0.001

 Valve disease

1.40 (0.93;2.107)

0.104

0.87 (0.531;1.426)

0.581

 Ischaemic disease of the lower limbs

1.01 (0.55;1.837)

0.985

0.70 (0.336;1.437)

0.326

 Cardiomyopathy

0.95 (0.41;2.210)

0.903

0.42 (0.154;1.166)

0.096

 Other

1.42 (1.00;1.999)

0.049

1.05 (0.681;1.604)

0.840

Pulmonary

1.84 (1.39;2.424)

 < 0.001

1.26 (0.925;1.714)

0.142

 Respiratory infection

4.95 (1.95;12.541)

0.001

3.20 (1.113;9.172)

0.031

 COPD

1.33 (0.92;1.927)

0.125

0.92 (0.598;1.408)

0.695

 Respiratory insufficiency

3.49 (2.36;5.146)

 < 0.001

1.43 (0.901;2.267)

0.129

 Asthma

0.94 (0.60;1.463)

0.771

1.05 (0.635;1.750)

0.839

 Emphysema

2.54 (1.88;3.434)

 < 0.001

2.08 (1.599;2.710)

 < 0.001

 Pneumonia

1.91 (0.94;3.860)

0.074

1.61 (0.918;2.815)

0.097

 Lung cancer

5.04 (3.38;7.510)

 < 0.001

3.39 (2.113;5.447)

 < 0.001

 Obstructive sleep apnoea

0.87 (0.45;1.663)

0.665

0.56 (0.278;1.133)

0.107

 Tuberculosis

1.65 (1.19;2.285)

0.003

1.04 (0.717;1.517)

0.827

 Other

3.40 (2.41;4.807)

 < 0.001

1.85 (1.258;2.730)

0.002

Gastrointestinal/metabolic

1.28 (0.97;1.676)

0.080

1.01 (0.746;1.364)

0.957

 Diabetes mellitus

1.29 (0.96;1.727)

0.095

0.93 (0.667;1.300)

0.674

 Hyperlipidaemia

1.08 (0.80;1.452)

0.626

0.79 (0.562;1.101)

0.162

 Gastroesophageal reflux

0.79 (0.58;1.087)

0.148

0.70 (0.490;0.989)

0.043

 Obesity

1.45 (1.00;2.109)

0.050

1.92 (1.294;2.860)

0.001

 Thyroid diseases

1.05 (0.72;1.530)

0.811

1.02 (0.631;1.656)

0.930

 Hepatopathy

1.00 (0.62;1.574)

0.964

0.71 (0.419;1.210)

0.209

 Other

1.37 (0.99;1.900)

0.058

0.91 (0.626;1.328)

0.629

Urogenital

1.19 (0.87;1.619)

0.270

0.82 (0.564;1.202)

0.314

 Prostatic hypertrophy

1.18 (0.85;1.650)

0.321

0.76 (0.491;1.179)

0.222

 Nephropathy

1.82 (1.17;2.809)

0.007

1.01 (0.596;1.720)

0.964

 Other

1.06 (0.63;1.781)

0.837

0.75 (0.420;1.350)

0.341

Blood and immunity

1.65 (1.14;2.396)

0.008

1.35 (0.883;2.051)

0.168

 Haematopoietic disorders

1.29 (0.75;2.206)

0.352

0.99 (0.509;1.925)

0.976

 Allergy

1.59 (0.87;2.904)

0.135

1.12 (0.573;2.184)

0.742

 Immunodeficiency

0.92 (0.13;6.696)

0.937

1.26 (0.171;9.298)

0.820

Other

1.67 (1.02;2.756)

0.043

1.66 (0.966;2.841)

0.067

 Other disease

1.21 (0.92;1.603)

0.178

0.97 (0.711;1.333)

0.868

 Osteoporosis

1.03 (0.74;1.440)

0.850

0.85 (0.571;1.272)

0.435

 Solid tumor (exc. C34)

0.97 (0.68;1.395)

0.888

0.79 (0.511;1.236)

0.307

 Depression

1.44 (0.98;2.118)

0.062

1.08 (0.708;1.643)

0.725

 Psoriasis

0.86 (0.45;1.637)

0.642

0.72 (0.361;1.445)

0.358

  1. C34 malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung, CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FVC forced vital capacity, HR hazard ratio, NYHA New York Heart Association functional classification
  2. aP < 0.05 indicates significantly increased risk of death
  3. bAdjusted for gender, age, smoking status and FVC% predicted at enrolment
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Respiratory Research

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