Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with severe COVID-19
From: Usage of compromised lung volume in monitoring steroid therapy on severe COVID-19
| Â | Entire cohort | Steroid group | Standard care group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 72 | 31 | 41 | Â |
Age (years) | 63 [49,69] | 65 [55,72] | 62 [48,69] | 0.31 |
Gender (male), n (%) | 37 (51.4) | 14 (45.2) | 23 (56.1) | 0.48 |
Smoking history, n (%) | 9 (12.5) | 4 (12.9) | 5 (12.2) | 1.00 |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Hypertension, n (%) | 22 (30.6) | 11 (35.5) | 11 (26.8) | 0.45 |
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 16 (22.2) | 7 (22.6) | 9 (22.0) | 1.00 |
 CAD, n (%) | 4 (5.6) | 2 (6.5) | 2 (4.9) | 1.00 |
 COPD, n (%) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.4) | 1.00 |
 Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
 Chronic renal disease, n (%) | 2 (2.8) | 1 (3.2) | 1 (2.4) | 1.00 |
Signs and symptoms | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Fever, n (%) | 65 (90.3) | 30 (96.8) | 35 (85.4) | 0.23 |
 Cough, n (%) | 53 (73.6) | 24 (77.4) | 29 (70.7) | 0.60 |
 Sputum production, n (%) | 10 (13.9) | 4 (12.9) | 6 (14.6) | 1.00 |
 Fatigue, n (%) | 63 (87.5) | 28 (90.3) | 35 (85.4) | 0.72 |
 Headache, n (%) | 4 (5.6) | 1 (3.2) | 3 (7.3) | 0.63 |
 Dyspnea, n (%) | 40 (55.6) | 20 (64.5) | 20 (48.8) | 0.23 |
 Nausea or vomiting, n (%) | 13 (18.1) | 6 (19.4) | 7 (17.1) | 1.00 |
 Diarrhea, n (%) | 15 (20.8) | 7 (22.6) | 8 (19.5) | 0.77 |
 Anorexia, n (%) | 4 (5.6) | 3 (9.7) | 1 (2.4) | 0.31 |
 Myalgia or arthralgia, n (%) | 7 (9.7) | 4 (12.9) | 3 (7.3) | 0.45 |
Onset of symptom to first CT scan (days) | 14 [11,17] | 14 [11,19] | 13 [11,16] | 0.16 |
Vital signs at hospital admission | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Altered mental status, n (%) | 2 (2.8) | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0) | 0.18 |
Heart rate (beats/minute) | 88 [78,102] | 85 [77,105] | 90 [81,100] | 0.83 |
Respiratory rate (breaths/minute) | 24 [23,31] | 25 [24,32] | 24 [23,29] | 0.20 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 132 [122,145] | 132 [123,147] | 131 [120,144] | 0.44 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 78 [71,83] | 79 [72,83] | 76 [70,84] | 0.54 |
Respiratory status assessment | Â | Â | Â | Â |
PaO2 on admission (mmHg) | 67 [61,86] | 66 [59,84] | 68 [63,87] | 0.49 |
PaCO2 on admission (mmHg) | 39 [34,42] | 39 [33,41] | 40 [36,43] | 0.36 |
PaO2/FiO2 on admission (mmHg) | 256 [226,277] | 246 [195,279] | 258 [228,277] | 0.40 |
Respiratory support | Â | Â | Â | Â |
High flow nasal oxygen, n (%) | 14 (19.4) | 11 (35.5) | 3 (7.3) |  < 0.01 |
Non-invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 2 (2.8) | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0) | 0.18 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 0.43 |
Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.4) | 1.00 |
Hospital mortality, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Duration of viral shedding after COVID-19 onset (days) | 25 [18,31] | 27 [22,34] | 23 [17,29] | 0.03 |
Hospital length of stay (days) | 33 [27,39] | 36 [31,42] | 29 [24,36] |  < 0.01 |